Freshwater fish of Spain

This is a list of extant freshwater fish that could be found in Spain. The majority of the fish present are from the order Cypriniformes. This list states if the fish are native or introduced. For clarification, an endemic species is a species that is found only in a specific geographic region. IUCN status represents the extinction risk for each species and the fish found in Spain range from least concern to critically endangered.

Fish Currently Believed to be Present
Common name Scientific name Family Order Occurrence- IUCN Status Photo Wikipedia page (if applicable
Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes Introduced Endangered Siberian sturgeon
European Sea Sturgeon Acipenser sturio Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes Native Critically endangered European sea sturgeon
European Eel Anguilla anguilla Anguillidae Anguilliformes native Critically Endangered European eel
Big-scale sand smelt Atherina boyeri Atherinidae Atheriniformes native Least concern Big-scale sand smelt
Freshwater Blennie Salaria fluviatilis Blenniidae Perciformes native Least concern Freshwater blenny
Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus Centrarchidae Perciformes introduced Least concern Pumpkinseed
Largemouth black bass Micropterus salmoides Centrarchidae Perciformes introduced Least concern Largemouth bass
Chameleon Cichlid Australoheros facetus Cichlidae Perciformes introduced Australoheros
Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Gobiidae Perciformes native not evaluated Rock goby
European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Moronidae Perciformes native Least concern European bass
European Perch Perca fluviatilis Percidae Percifiormes introduced Least concern European perch
Pike-Perch Sander lucioperca Percidae Perciformes introduced Least concern Zander
Allis Shad Alosa alosa Clupeidae Clupeiformes native Least concern Allis shad
Twaite Shad Alosa fallax Clupeidae Clupeiformes native Least concern Twait shad
Sekavec dvoupruhý** Cobitis bilineata Cobitidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Cobitis bilineata
Lamprehuela** Cobitis calderoni Cobitidae Cypriniformes native Endangered Cobitis calderoni
Colmilleja** Cobitis paludica Cobitidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Cobitis paludica
Spined Loach Cobitis taenia Cobitidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Spined loach
Alagon Spined loach** Cobitis vettonica Cobitidae Cypriniformes native Endangered Cobitis vettonica
Weatherfish Misgurnus fossilis Cobitidae Cypriniformes introduced Least Concern Misgurnus fossilis
Freshwater Bream Abramis brama Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Common bream
Unnamed* Achondrostoma arcasii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Achondrostoma arcasii
Sarda** Achondrostoma salmantinum Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Endangered Achondrostoma salmantinum
Bleak Alburnus alburnus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Common bleak
Jarabugo Anaecypris hispanica Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Endangered Anaecypris hispanica
Catalonian Barbel** Barbus haasi Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Vulnerable Barbus haasi
Mediterranean Barbel Barbus meridionalis Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Near threatened Mediterranean barbel
White bream Blicca bjoerkna Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Blicca bjoerkna
Goldfish Carassius auratus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Goldfish
Crucian Carp Carassius carassius Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Crucian carp
Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Vulnerable Common carp
Gudgeon Gobio gobio Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Gobio gobio
Iberian Gudgeon** Gobio lozanoi Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Iberian gudgeon
Pardilla** Iberochondrostoma lemmingii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Iberochondrostoma lemmingii
Oretanian Pardilla** Iberochondrostoma oretanum Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Critically endangered Iberochondrostoma oretanum
Bogardilla* Iberocypris palaciosi Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Critically endangered Iberocypris palaciosi
Barbo comun** Luciobarbus bocagei Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Luciobarbus bocagei
Iberian Barbel Luciobarbus comizo Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Iberian barbel
Ebro Barbel** Luciobarbus graellsii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Least concern Luciobarbus graellsii
Valencia Barbel** Luciobarbus guiraonis Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Vulnerable Luciobarbus guiraonis
unnamed* Luciobarbus microcephalus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Luciobarbus microcephalus
Andalusian Barbel Luciobarbus sclateri Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Andalusian barbel
Loina** Parachondrostoma arrigonis Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Critically endangered Parachondrostoma arrigonis
unnamed* Luciobarbus steindachneri Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Luciobarbus steindachneri
Ebro Nase** Parachondrostoma miegii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least Concern Parachondrostoma miegii
Madrilla** Parachondrostoma toxostoma Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable South-west European nase
Madrija** Parachondrostoma turiensis Cyprinidae Cypriniformes endemic Endangered Parachondrostoma turiense
unnamed* Phoxinus bigerri Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Phoxinus bigerri
Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Common minnow
unnamed* Pseudochondrostoma duriense Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Pseudochondrostoma duriense
Iberian Nase Pseudochondrostoma polyepis Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Iberian nase
Unnamed* Pseudochondrostoma willkommii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Pseudochondrostoma willkommii
Stone Moroko Pseudorasbora parva Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Stone moroko
Roach Rutilus rutilus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Common roach
Rudd Scardinius erythrophthlamus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes introduced Least concern Common rudd
Calandino** Squalius alburnoides Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Squalius alburnoides
Bordallo Squalius carolitertii Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Squalius carolitertii
Unnamed* Squalius castellanus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Squalius castellanus Squalius castellanus
Chub Squalius cephalus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Squalius cephalus
Catalan Chub** Squalius laietanus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Squalius laietanus
Malaga Chub** Squalius malacitanus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Endangered Squalius malacitanus
unnamed* Squalius pyrenaicus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Squalius pyrenaicus
Valencia Chub** Squalius valentinus Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Vulnerable Squalius valentinus
Tench Tinca tinca Cyprinidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Tench
Stone loach Barbatula barbatula Nemacheilidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Stone loach
Unnamed* Barbatula quignardi Nemacheilidae Cypriniformes native Least concern Barbatula quignardi
Unnamed* Triplophysa coniptera Nemacheilidae Cypriniformes native Triplophysa coniptera
Chabot du Bearn Cottus aturi Cottidae Scorpaeniformes native Least concern Cottus aturi
Bullhead Cottus gobio Cottidae Scorpaeniformes native Least concern European bullhead
Chabot des Pyrenees Cottus hispaniolensis Cottidae Scorpaeniformes native Least concern Cottus hispaniolensis
Guadalquivir toothcarp** Aphanius baeticus Cyprinodontidae Cyprinodontiformes endemic Endangered Aphanius baeticus
Spanish toothcarp Aphanius iberus Cyprinodontidae Cyprinodontiformes native Endangered Spanish toothcarp
Mummichog Fundulus hetroclitus Fundulidae Cyprinodontiformes introduced Least concern Mummichog
Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis Poeciliidae Cyprinodontiformes introduced Least concern Mosquitofish
Eastern Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae Cyprinodontiformes introduced Least concern Eastern mosquitofish
Guppy Poecilia reticulata Poeciliidae Cyprinodontiformes introduced Guppy
Valencia Toothcarp Valencia hispanica Valenciidae Cyprinodontiformes native Critically endangered Valencia toothcarp
Northern Pike Esox lucius Esocidae Esociformes introduced Least concern Northern pike
Three Spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Gasterosteidae Gasterosteiformes native Least concern Three-spined stickleback
Black bullhead Ameiurus melas Ictaluridae Siluriformes introduced Least concern Black bullhead
Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus Ictaluridae Siluriformes introduced Least concern Brown bullhead
Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ictaluridae Siluriformes introduced Least concern Channel catfish
Wels catfish Silurus glanis Siluridae Siluriformes introduced Least concern Wels catfish
Golden grey mullet Chelon auratus Mugilidae Mugiliformes native Least concern Golden grey mullet
Thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus Mugilidae Mugiliformes native Least concern Thicklip grey mullet
Thinlip grey mullet Chelon ramada Mugilidae Mugiliformes native Thinlip mullet
Leaping mullet Chelon saliens Mugilidae Mugiliformes native Least concern Leaping mullet
Flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus Mugilidae Mugiliformes native Least concern Flathead grey mullet
European brook lamprey Lampetra planeri Petromyzontidae Petromyzontiformes native Least concern Brook lamprey
Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Petromyzontidae Petromyzontiformes native Least concern Sea lamprey
European flounder Platichthys flesus Pleuronectidae Pleuronectiformes native Least concern European flounder
Huchen Hucho hucho Salmonidae Salmoniformes introduced Endangered Huchen
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae Salmoniformes introduced Rainbow trout
Atlantic salmon Salmo Salar Salmonidae Salmoniformes native Least concern Atlantic salmon
Brown trout, sea trout Salmo trutta Salmonidae Salmoniformes native Least concern Brown trout
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Salmonidae Salmoniformes introduced Brook trout
Black striped pipefish Sygnathus abaster Syngnathidae Syngnathiformes native Least concern Black-striped pipefish

Notes:

*- denotes fish that did not have a common name listed on fishbase.

**- denotes fish that did not have a common name listed on fishbase, but had a local name listed

References

Further reading

  • Nicola, G. G.; Elvira, B.; Almodovar, A. (18 September 1996). "Dams and fish passage facilities in the large rivers of Spain: effects on migratory species". River Systems. 10 (1–4): 375–379. doi:10.1127/lr/10/1996/375. INIST 3260527.
  • Elvira, Benigno (1995). "Freshwater fishes introduced in Spain and relationships with autochthonous species" (PDF). In Philipp, David P.; Epifanio, John M.; Marsden, J. Ellen; Claussen, Julie E.; Wolotira, Robert J. (eds.). Protection of Aquatic Biodiversity: Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress, Theme 3. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. pp. 262–265. ISBN 978-81-204-0971-2.
  • Crivelli, A.J. (1995). "Are fish introductions a threat to endemic freshwater fishes in the northern Mediterranean region?". Biological Conservation. 72 (2): 311–319. Bibcode:1995BCons..72..311C. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00092-5.
  • Elvira, B. (1996). "Endangered freshwater fish of Spain". Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. pp. 55–61. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9014-4_6. ISBN 978-3-0348-9867-6.
  • Elvira, B. (February 1995). "Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins". Freshwater Biology. 33 (1): 103–108. Bibcode:1995FrBio..33..103E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00390.x.
  • Elvira, B.; Almodovar, A. (December 2001). "Freshwater fish introductions in Spain: facts and figures at the beginning of the 21st century". Journal of Fish Biology. 59: 323–331. Bibcode:2001JFBio..59S.323E. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb01393.x.
  • Elvira, Benigno (1995). "Conservation status of endemic freshwater fish in Spain". Biological Conservation. 72 (2): 129–136. Bibcode:1995BCons..72..129E. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)00076-3.
  • Garcia-Marin, J.L.; Jorde, P.E.; Ryman, N.; Utter, F.; Pla, C. (June 1991). "Management implications of genetic differentiation between native and hatchery populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Spain". Aquaculture. 95 (3–4): 235–249. Bibcode:1991Aquac..95..235G. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90090-T.
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