Erinacine

Erinacines are natural substances isolated from the mycelium of Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane mushroom). They belong to the group of cyathin diterpenoids (erinacines A–K, P, Q, S, U) and are subjects of pharmacological research, which largely focuses on the benefits of erinacine on the brain.[1] All erinacines are able to readily cross the blood–brain barrier in vivo, which largely influences the bioavailability of the compounds in the brain.

Erinacine A

Erinacine A, isolated from the cultured mycelia of Hericium erinaceus, the main representative of this compounds group, has an enhancing effect on nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.[2] It also increases the levels of catecholamines in the central nervous system of rats.. Erinacine A has been observed to lead to the activation of antioxidant pathways including the transcription factor Nrf2.[1]

Erinacine A has also been prepared by total synthesis.[3]

Erinacine C

Erinacine C has also been observed to activate the transcription factor Nrf2 and has been observed to play a role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity.[1]

Erinacine E

Erinacine E is a kappa opioid receptor agonist.[4]

Erinacine S

Erinacine S has been shown to reduce neuropathic pain in vivo [5] and can increase myelination in vivo.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c Spangenberg, E. T.; Moneypenny, A.; Bozzo, G. G.; Perreault, M. L. (2025-06-23). "Unveiling the role of erinacines in the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus: a systematic review in preclinical models". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16 1582081. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1582081. ISSN 1663-9812. PMC 12230622. PMID 40626304.
  2. ^ Hirokazu Kawagishi; Atsushi Shimada; Ryoko Shirai; Kenji Okamoto; Fumihiro Ojima; Hideki Sakamoto; Yukio Ishiguro; Shoei Furukawa (1994). "Erinacines A, B and C, strong stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum". Tetrahedron Letters. 35 (10): 1569–1572. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76760-8.
  3. ^ Barry B. Snider; Nha Huu Vo; Steven V. O'Neil & Bruce M. Foxman (1996). "Synthesis of (±)-Allocyathin B2 and (+)-Erinacine A". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (32): 7644–7645. Bibcode:1996JAChS.118.7644S. doi:10.1021/ja9615379.
  4. ^ Saito T, Aoki F, Hirai H, et al. (November 1998). "Erinacine E as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and its new analogs from a basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum". The Journal of Antibiotics. 51 (11): 983–90. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.51.983. PMID 9918390.
  5. ^ Yang, Pao-Pao; Chueh, Sheau-Huei; Shie, Hua-Lun; Chen, Chin-Chu; Lee, Li-Ya; Chen, Wan-Ping; Chen, Yu-Wen; Shiu, Li-yen; Liu, Pei-Shan (January 2020). Da Silva Filho, Ademar A. (ed.). "Effects of Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Extracts on the Functional Activity of Purinoceptors and Neuropathic Pain in Mice with L5 Spinal Nerve Ligation". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020 (1) 2890194. doi:10.1155/2020/2890194. ISSN 1741-427X. PMC 7244964. PMID 32508945.
  6. ^ Huang, Hui-Ting; Ho, Chia-Hsin; Sung, Hsin-Yu; Lee, Li-Ya; Chen, Wan-Ping; Chen, Yu-Wen; Chen, Chin-Chu; Yang, Chung-Shi; Tzeng, Shun-Fen (2021-03-22). "Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its small bioactive compounds promote oligodendrocyte maturation with an increase in myelin basic protein". Scientific Reports. 11 (1) 6551. Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.6551H. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85972-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7985201. PMID 33753806.

Further reading

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