Domingos José Martins
Domingos José Martins | |
|---|---|
| Leader of the Provisional Government of the Republic | |
| In office 16 March 1817 – 15 April 1817 Serving with João Ribeiro Pessoa de Melo Montenegro, Domingos Teotônio Jorge Martins Pessoa, José Luís de Mendonça and Manoel Correia de Araújo | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 May 1781 Fazenda Caxangá, Itapemirim |
| Died | 12 July 1817 (aged 36) Campo da Pólvora, Recife |
| Cause of death | Executed with arquebus shots |
| Spouse | Maria Teodora da Costa |
| Parents |
|
| Occupation | Merchant |
Domingos José Martins (9 May 1781 – 12 July 1817) was a Brazilian merchant and revolutionary.
Member of the Freemasonry of the English tradition, he was important for the reestablishment of the Freemasons in the Captaincy of Pernambuco during the 1810s. He was one of the leaders of the Pernambucan Revolt, being arrested on 15 April 1817 after the Battle of Ipojuca and was later executed on Campo da Pólvora.
Early life
Martins was born on 9 May 1781 on Fazenda Caxangá, Itapemirim, where today Marataízes is located. He was the son of the militia captain Joaquim José Martins and Joana Luiza de Santa Clara Martins, and had seven siblings.[1]
He was a Freemason from the English tradition. He spent some time living in England, but on the first trimester of 1812 he was already back to Brazil, divulgating the companies he created in London and Liverpool.[2] He was the responsible for in 1813 reactivating the freemasonry in the Captaincy of Pernambuco. His model of freemasonry was known for being predominantetly Brazilian, and had great influence in the captaincy.[3] He also joined one of the main masonic lodges of Pernambuco, the Academies of Cabo and Paraíso.[4]
Pernambucan revolt
In 1817, Martins and João Ribeiro ended relationships with the Tennant Colonel Alexandre Tomás, which followed the Masonry of French tradition. Because of this, Governor Caetano Pinto reported a possible conspiracy against the Portuguese and announced the arrest of several people, including José de Barros Lima. During his arrest, Lima killed the Brigadeer Manoel Joaquim Barbosa de Castro and gained support from the fellow Officers, thus starting the Pernambucan revolt.[5][6] He was elected as one of the five leaders of the revolt, representing the commercial class.[7]
Martins was sent with troops to help Colonel Suassuna fight the royalists. They knew General Congominho was advancing from Tamandaré to surround the South of Pernambuco, but Martins wanted to do a frontal attack, while Suassuna wanted to fortify their troops on engenho Guarapu or Trapiche. As they couldn't come to an agreement, both troops were kept independent from each other. On 15 April, the troops of Marcos de Noronha Brito attacked Martins' troops after he crossed the Mererepe River, in the so-called Battle of Pindoba or Ipojuca. Martins' troops tried to retreat but they were hunted down on the swamps of Porto de Galinhas. Martins, Father Antônio, Tomás Lins Caldas and Francisco da Rocha Pais Barreto tried to hide in a local house, but they were discovered and sent as prisoners to Rodrigo Lobo.[4]
He was later sent to Aljube prison and on 12 July he was shot dead together with José Luiz de Mendonça and Father Miguel Joaquim de Castro e Almeida on Campo da Pólvora.[8]
Personal life
He married Maria Teodora da Costa shortly before his execution.[1] His daughter was married with the slave-trader Bento José da Costa.[9]
Cultural impact
Homages
The Historical and Geographical Institute of Espírito Santo (IHG-ES) was inaugurated on 12 June 1916, exactly 99 years after the death of Martins.[10]
On 30 December 1921, the municipality of Campinho was renamed to Domingos Martins through the Law no. 1,307, authorship of Nestor Gomes.[11] His homages happens every 12 June in front of his bust since 1978, when the capital of Espírito Santo was transferred.[12]
On 1 May 1945, the first edition of Folha Capixaba, edited by the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), made a homage to Martins.[13]
On 15 December 1969, Itapemirim created the holiday of Domingos José Martins through the Law nº 561, signed by the mayor Thomé de Souza Machado.[14]
On 12 June 1981, Domingos Martins became the patron of the Civil Police of Espírito Santo.[15]
On 15 September 2011, Dilma Rousseff included Domingos Martins name on the Book of Heroes of the Homeland.[16]
There is a street called Domingos José Martins on Bom Jesus e da Guia neighborhood, Recife.[17]
Media
- Heroes and Heroines of the Independency (2017)[18]
References
- ^ a b "Feriado Municipal em homenagem à DOMINGOS JOSÉ MARTINS". Câmara Municipal de Itapemerim (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2025. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ^ Magalhães, Pablo Antonio Iglesias (2013). "A palavra e o império: Manoel de Freitas Brazileiro e a Nova Grammatica Ingleza e Portugueza". CLIO: Revista de Pesquisa Histórica (in Brazilian Portuguese). 31 (1). Federal University of Bahia.
- ^ Mello, Evaldo Cabral de (2002). "Dezessete: a Maçonaria dividida". Topoi (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 (4). Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: 9–37. doi:10.1590/2237-101X003004001.
- ^ a b Lins, Rachel Caldas (1891). "O Cabo e as revoluções pernambucanas". Ciência & Trópico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 9 (1). Fundação Joaquim Nabuco: 57–96.
- ^ Andrade, Breno Gontijo (2010). "Vocabulário político e maçonaria na Revolução Pernambucana de 1817" (PDF). OPSIS (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 (1). Federal University of Catalão: 169–186.
- ^ Cabral, Flávio José Gomes (2015). "A divulgação da revolução de 1817 entre os pernambucanos e na imprensa norte-americana" (PDF). XXVIII Simpósio Nacional de História (in Brazilian Portuguese). Associação Nacional de História.
- ^ Ferraz, Arthur (6 March 2025). "Data Magna: como Pernambuco se separou do Brasil e foi um país independente por 74 dias". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 December 2025. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ^ Aras, Lina Maria Brandão de (2009). "Em armas pelo sossego público: Bahia e Pernambuco (1817-1827)" (PDF). XXV Simpósio Nacional de História (in Brazilian Portuguese). Associação Nacional de História.
- ^ Cadena, Paulo Henrique Fontes (2019). "Dois "velhos companheiros" das cortes de Lisboa: Os pedidos de favor do padre José Martiniano de Alencar a Pedro de Araújo Lima" (PDF). 30º Simpósio Nacional (in Brazilian Portuguese). Associação Nacional de História.
- ^ Martini, Fernando Arruda de (2023). "A modernização do litoral norte do Espírito Santo: Do processo de "civilização dos índios" ao reconhecimento das populações tradicionais; da mobilização à crise do trabalho" (PDF). Post Graduation Thesis in Geography (in Brazilian Portuguese). Federal University of Espírito Santo.
- ^ "Datas". Prefecture of Domingos Martins (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
- ^ "Domingos José Martins é homenageado no Dia do Município". Prefecture of Domingos Martins (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
- ^ Teixeira, Roberto (2013). "O ideário comunista na imprensa do Espírito Santo: O caso do jornal Folha de Capixaba" (PDF). Destarte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 (1). Estácio de Sá University.
- ^ Machado, Thomé de Souza. "LEI Nº 561, DE 15 DE DEZEMBRO DE 1969". Câmara Municipal de Itapemirim (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 December 2025. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ^ "Dia do Policial Civil ES: do patrono Domingos José Martins à história de policiais". Government of Espírito Santo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
- ^ Rousseff, Dilma. "Lei nº 12.488, de 15 de setembro de 2011". Deputy Directorate for Legal Affairs of the Chief of Staff of the Presidency (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
- ^ "Domingos José Martins: uma rua quase invisível no Bairro do Recife". Diário de Pernambuco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
- ^ "Conheça personagens importantes na independência do Brasil". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 September 2017. Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 28 June 2025.