Domíngo Róxas

Domíngo Ureta Róxas
Born1782 (1782)
Manila, Tondo province, Captaincy General of the Philippines
Died1843 (aged 60–61)
Manila, Tondo province, Captaincy General of the Philippines

Domíngo Ureta Róxas (1782 in Manila, Tondo province - 1843 Manila, Tondo province)[1] was a Filipino businessman and industrialist.[2] Founder of the Casa Róxas, which evolved into Ayala Corporation.[2] He is a patriarch of Zóbel-Ayala-Róxas-Soriano clans.[3] And is considered as a pioneer of Filipino nationalism[4] together with Luis Rodríguez-Varela.[5] Roxas advocated fiercely for the rights of the natives.[6]

Biography

Domíngo Ureta Róxas was the third child of the spaniards Mariano Maximo de Baez Romero Roxas, who was a doctor, and Ana Maria Ureta-Roxas,[1] making him a criollo, which are white spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as Insulares.[7] He married Maria Saturnina Ubaldo a Mestiza de Sangley from the town of Sta. Cruz on June 8, 1813 at Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar.[6] The couple lived together in the town of San Miguel and had three children; the philanthropist Margarita Roxas de Ayala inheritted her father's advocacies for the natives,[6] José Bonifacio Rojas y Ubaldo and Mariano Ubaldo Rojas, Mariano co-founded Academia de Dibujo y Pintura together with painter Damián Gabor Domingo.[6][1][8]

Even after the Royal Company of the Philippines had liberalized investment in agriculture, it stopped functioning in 1829.[3][1] It was then declared dead in 1834, after the Philippines had just recently been opened up to foreign trade. Roxas then established Casa Róxas with his Basque business partner Antonio de Ayala who had just arrived earlier in the Philippines together with his uncle, the Archbishop of Manila José Seguí, O.E.S.A. Ayala would also become the husband of Roxas' daughter Margarita.[3][1] Ayala and Margarita's daughter Trinidad Roxas Ayala-Zobel was the wife of Jacobo Z. Zobel.[9] Casa Roxas focuses on cultivation of coffee, sugar, indigo and, cotton. Casa Roxas also manufacture gun power, liquors and castings.[3][1]

He was accused in 1823 by the government as a sympathizer of the revolt of Andrés Novales. He was accused again in 1841 uprising of Hermano Pule.[1] He was an easy target because of his enlightenment ideas influenced by Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País that originated in the Spanish Peninsula. It manifested through his advocacies for reforms which he sees would benefit the natives and the creoles.[10][11][3] In 1842, he was arrested for the third and final time in Fort Santiago. His daughter Margarita then, sailed to the Spanish peninsula to personally ask Isabella II Queen of Spain for her fathers release. The Queen ordered the immediate release of his father but Roxas already died back in Fort Santiago in 1843.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h AYALA AND COMPANY AyalaCompany.pdf
  2. ^ a b "Roxas, Domingo". CulturEd: Philippine Cultural Education Online. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
  3. ^ a b c d e "ABC | PDF | Travel | History". Scribd. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
  4. ^ Chua, Michael Charlseton (2019). "Interpreting Rizal, Caroline S. Hau". Budhi: A Journal of Ideas and Culture. 23 (1): 8 – via Archium Ateneo.
  5. ^ Putzel, James (2001). Social capital and the imagined community: democracy and nationalism in the Philippines. In Michael Liefer (Ed.), Asian Nationalism. Routledge (UK), p. 173. ISBN 0-415-23284-8.
  6. ^ a b c d Santiago, Luciano P.R. (1987). "Two Priest Uncles of Margarita Roxas de Ayala". Philippine Studies. 35 (1): 103–110. ISSN 0031-7837.
  7. ^ CLEOPE, PHD, EARL JUDE PAUL; HERNANDEZ, PHD, JOSE RHOMMEL; JIMENEZ, PHD, JOSE VICTOR; GALANG, PHD, JELY; RAMOS II, DONDY PEPITO; ESTELLA, JANET REGUINDIN; CABALQUINTO, ALVIN (2021). PHILIPPINE HISTORY SOURCE BOOK (PDF). National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
  8. ^ Joaquin, Nick; Santiago, Luciano P. R. (1990). Nineteenth Century Manila: The World of Damián Domingo. Manila: Metropolitan Museum.
  9. ^ Vibal, Gus (April 20, 2020). "The Brilliant Life And Turbulent Times Of Jacobo Zangroniz Zóbel". Tatler Asia. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  10. ^ "Nipa, Tuba, and the Prewar Distilling Industry of Capiz". Retrieved 2025-09-14.
  11. ^ Iya, Palmo R. (2019). "Ire of Creoles: Hijos del Pais' Struggle for Reforms and Independence, 1820s-1840s" (PDF). De La Salle University-Dasmariñas. 1 (1): 37.
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