Đuro Daničić

Đuro Daničić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђуро Даничић, pronounced [dʑǔːro dǎnit͡ʃit͡ɕ];^[1] 4 April 1825 – 17 November 1882), born Đorđe Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђорђе Поповић) and also known as Đura Daničić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђура Даничић), was a Serbian philologist, translator, linguistic historian and lexicographer. He was a prolific scholar at the Belgrade Lyceum.

He was born in Novi Sad,^[2] in the family of Orthodox priest Jovan Popović. He attended schools in Novi Sad and Bratislava, and studied law at the University of Vienna. He published his first papers under the name Đuro Daničić in 1845, after the heroic Senj Uskok from a folk poem, and a name that he continued to use throughout the rest of his life. Under the influence of Vuk Karadžić and Franz Miklosich, he started studying Slavic philology, to which he subsequently devoted his entire career. In 1856, he became the librarian of the People's Library in Belgrade and secretary of the Society of Serbian Literacy, and, in 1859, professor of the Belgrade Lyceum (Velika škola). In 1866 he was invited to Zagreb to serve as a secretary general of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (JAZU).^[3] He served as a secretary general on two occasions between 1866-1873 and 1877-1882.^[2] From 1873 he taught as a professor at Belgrade's Grandes écoles (former Belgrade Lyceum and future University of Belgrade), and in 1877 he returned to Zagreb where he played a key role in preparing the Yugoslav Academy's Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian Language. He was the editor of the first volume (A–Češuļa) that was published from 1880 to 1882.^[3] His death in 1882, in Zagreb, interrupted that work and he was buried in Marko's cemetery in Belgrade.^[2]

Daničić played a key role of laying the foundation of Serbian philology, grammar, historical lexicography and dialectology on the basis of principles set by Vuk Karadžić.^[3] His translation of the Old Testament, mostly from German sources, also influenced Croatian translation literature.^[3] Daničić also assisted Karadžić in his translation of the New Testament into Serbian in 1847. After undergoing a revision, both translations were accepted and are still in use today by the Serbian Orthodox Church and its members.

In 1847, he published an influential polemical essay "The War for Serbian Language and Orthography",^[2] where he opposed linguistic ideas of Miloš Svetić, the pseudonymous Jovan Hadžić, Karadžić's main opponent, and supported Karadžić's phonemic orthography. He gave the theoretical background to Karadžić's concepts in his numerous linguistic works.^[4]

Daničić also studied the older Serbian literature and his redactions of old manuscripts are still in use, like Theodossus' Hagiography of Saint Sava (1860), Domentian's Hagiographies of Saint Simeon and Saint Sava (1865),^[5] Gospel of St. Nicholas (Nikoljsko jevanđelje) (1864), Lives of Serbian Kings and Archbishops (1866)^[6] and numerous others. On the basis of medieval charters, legal texts, annals and hagiographies he compiled the Dictionary of Serbian Literary Antiquities (Rječnik iz književnih starina srpskih, 3 vols., 1863-1865), the first historical dictionary of a modern Slavic language (preceded by Franc Miklošič's and Alexander Vostokov's Church Slavonic dictionaries), covering around 30 000 words.^[7]

Daničić started scientific work as supporter of Karadžić's ideas of linguistic pan-Serbism (attribution of Shtokavian dialect and written heritage to Serbian ethnos). His early works were dedicated to "Serbs of Catholic faith", for which he was criticized by young Vatroslav Jagić. In 1857, he published "Differences between Serbian and Croatian Language" where he equated Croatian with the Chakavian dialect. However, his attitudes shifted towards promotion of pan-Yugoslavian ideology, much closer to the viewpoints of Illyrian movement, with which he was closely cooperating. That included linguistic unity of Croats and Serbs and the opinion that the Croatian literature is at the same time Serbian and vice versa. His linguistic papers were titled using "Croatian or Serbian" qualifier when he published in Zagreb, and "Serbian or Croatian" when published in Belgrade.

He is included in The 100 most prominent Serbs.

• The War for Serbian Language and Orthography (1847)
• Small Serbian Grammar (1850)
• Serbian Syntax. First Volume (1858)
• Forms^[a] of Serbian Language (1863); since 1872 republished as Forms of Serbian or Croatian Language
• Dictionary of Serbian Literary Antiquities, 3 vols. (1863-1865)
• History of Forms in Serbian or Croatian Language (1874)
• Stems of Serbian or Croatian Language (1876)
• Roots with their Derived Words in Croatian or Serbian Language (1877)
• Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian Language, Volume 1 (A-češuļa) (1880–1882)
• Serbian Accents (1925)

• Vienna Literary Agreement
• Dimitrije Nešić

• Jovan Skerlić Istorija nove srpske književnosti (Belgrade, 1921) pages 255-271
• Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts: http://www.sanu.ac.rs/English/Clanstvo/IstClan.aspx?arg=130
• Daničić, Đura, ed. (1865). Životi Svetog Simeuna i Svetog Save napisao Domentijan. Beograd.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (old Serbian)
• Daničić, Đura, ed. (1866). Životi kraljeva i arhiepiskopa srpskih napisao Arhiepiskop Danilo i drugi. Zagreb.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (old Serbian)

• Anja Jeftić (21 February 2005). "Srpska književnost 19. vijeka (24): Djelo Đure Daničića". Patriot (in Serbian) (157). Archived from the original on 24 October 2007.