Cola Podshivoloff

Cola Podshivoloff (Chinese: 波得希伏洛夫, Russian: Никола Подшивалов), or Nicolai Podshivoloff (Chinese: 科拉·波得希伏洛夫), Chinese name Gao Liang (Chinese: 高良), February 1, 1912 - ?) was a Russian engineer.[1] He was a member of the International Red Cross Committee of Nanking during the Nanjing Massacre.[2] He was part of an international group of expatriates, resident in Nanking (also known as Nanjing), who set up the Nanking Safety Zone, which is credited as protecting thousands of refugees and tending to injured soldiers from the battlefronts.[3]

Biography

Cola was born on February 1, 1912, in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, and completed his education at Horvat High School in 1930. On October 8, 1930, he arrived in Shanghai with his aunt, Maria Konovalov, to serve as an apprentice at the Ford Motor Company. Subsequently, on December 20, 1936, he moved to Nanjing to assume the role of supervising engineer for the installation of electrical, heating, and sanitary systems at the East Asia Trading Company.[4][5]

In November 1937, K. Sand Green, proprietor of East Asia Trading Company, departed Nanjing for Peking and requested Cola to manage his properties in his absence. In late November, Cola joined the International Red Cross Committee of Nanking and safeguarded Chinese refugees from the horrors committed by the Imperial Japanese Army. Cola had a particular part of play within this group of expatriates, since he was a Japanese speaker.[6][7] Following the cessation of the Nanjing Committee's operations in June 1938, Cola continued in his role as an automotive mechanic in Nanjing.[8]

In October 1945, Cola was apprehended by the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Nationalist Government, and his residence was subjected to a search. On September 6, 1946, the Prosecutor's Office of the High Court of the Capital, citing Article 2, Item 1, Paragraphs 1 and 7 of the Regulations on the Punishment of Traitors, lodged an indictment against Cola, alleging his role as a Japanese secret agent, facilitating the Japanese army's movements, and participating in the fatal assault on Ding Shijun (Chinese: 丁时俊, younger brother of Ding Mocun). On September 15, 1947, the First Division of the Criminal Court of the High Court of the Capital exonerated him.[3]

References

  1. ^ 张连红; 王卫星; 刘燕军; 杨夏鸣 (2022-06-01). 南京大屠杀国际安全区研究 [Research on the International Safety Zone for the Nanjing Massacre] (in Chinese). 江苏人民出版社有限公司. p. 40. ISBN 978-7-214-26744-3. OCLC 1377224471. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  2. ^ Lu, Suping (2004-11-01). They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals. Hong Kong University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-962-209-685-1. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  3. ^ a b 戴袁支 (2016). "南京大屠杀见证人科拉功罪的历史评说" [Historical Commentary on the Crimes of Nanjing Massacre Witness Kola]. 日本侵华史研究 [Studies on the History of Japanese Aggression Against China] (in Chinese) (4).
  4. ^ Zhang, Kaiyuan (2001). Eyewitnesses to Massacre: American Missionaries Bear Witness to Japanese Atrocities in Nanjing. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7656-0684-6. OCLC 44683492. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  5. ^ 史詠 (Shi Young); Ron Dorfman (尹集鈞) (1999). 南京大屠殺: 歷史照片中的見證 [The rape of Nanking: an undeniable history in photographs]. (book written in both Chinese and English). 海南出版社. p. 223. ISBN 978-7-80645-461-9. OCLC 47096645. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  6. ^ Timperley, Harold J. (1969) [first published 1938 by Modern Age Books, New York]. Japanese Terror in China. Freeport NY: Books for Libraries Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-8369-5170-7. OCLC 754026. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  7. ^ Askew, David (2002). "The International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone: An Introduction" (PDF). Sino-Japanese Studies. Sino-Japanese Studies Group: 12–21. ISSN 1041-8830. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-04-01. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  8. ^ Lu, Suping (2012-07-10). A Mission under Duress: The Nanjing Massacre and Post-Massacre Social Conditions Documented by American Diplomats. Lanham MD: University Press of America. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7618-5151-6. OCLC 567195322. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
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