Clarence James Hickman

For the American physicist, see Clarence N. Hickman.

Clarence James Hickman (1 April 1914 – 24 September 1980) was a British-Canadian mycologist[1]. He is noteworthy for his discovery in 1940 that the oomycete species Phytophthora fragariae is the cause of the disease red stele (aka red core root disease) in strawberry plants.[2]

Early life

Hickman was born in Birmingham, UK.

Education and career

At the University of Birmingham, Hickman graduated in botany with a B.Sc. in 1934, an M.Sc. in 1937,[3] and a Ph.D. in 1936. As a postdoc he was from 1936 to 1938 an assistant in the Ministry of Agriculture Service. From 1938 to 1944 he was a research officer at the Plant Pathology Laboratory at Harpenden. At the University of Birmingham, he was a lecturer from 1944 to 1955 and a reader from 1955 to 1960.[4]

For the British Mycological Society he served as the secretary from 1948 to 1952 and as the president for a one-year term from 1957 to 1958.[4] In 1958 his presidential address gave an excellent summary review of the plant-damaging genus Phytophthora, including the biology of its survival and dispersal, the range of its plant hosts, and its physiological specializations.[5][6]

In 1960 Hickman moved to Canada. In the botany department of the University of Western Ontario (UWO) he was a full professor from 1960 until he retired as professor emeritus.[4] At UWO he was also of the head of botany department.[7]

Death

He died in London, Ontario.

Selected publications

Articles

  • Hickman, C.J.; Ashworth, D. (1943). "The occurrence of Botrytis spp. On onion leaves with special reference to B. squamosa". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 26 (3–4): 153–157. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(43)80022-X.
  • Hickman, C.J.; English, Mary P. (1951). "Factors influencing the development of Red Core in strawberries". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 34 (2): 223–236. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80012-3.
  • Hickman, C.J.; English, Mary P. (1951). "The susceptibility of strawberry varieties to Red Core". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 34 (3): 356–359. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80062-7.
  • Bywater, Joan; Hickman, C.J. (1959). "A new variety of Phytophthora erythroseptica, which causes a soft rot of pea roots". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 42 (4): 513–524. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(59)80054-1.
  • Hickman, C.J. (1962). "Physiologic races of Phytophthora fragariae". Annals of Applied Biology. 50: 95–103. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1962.tb05990.x.
  • Hickman, C. J.; Ho, H. H. (1966). "Behaviour of Zoospores in Plant-Pathogenic Phycomycetes". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 4: 195–214. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.04.090166.001211. 1966
  • Ho, H. H.; Hickman, C. J. (1967). "Asexual Reproduction and Behavior of Zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae". Canadian Journal of Botany. 45 (11): 1963–1981. doi:10.1139/b67-215.
  • Hickman, C. J. (1970). "Biology of Phytophthora Zoospores". Phytopathology. 60 (7): 1128. doi:10.1094/Phyto-60-1128.
  • Tousson, T. A.; Bega, Robert V.; Nelson, Paul E., eds. (1970). "Some Factors Involved in the Accumulation of Phycomycete Zoospores on Plant Roots by Yung Chang-Ho and C. J. Hickman". Root Diseases and Soil-borne Pathogens. University of California Press. pp. 103–108. ISBN 9780520015821.
  • Zentmyer, G. A.; Jefferson, Laura; Hickman, C. J.; Chang-Ho, Yung (1974). "Studies of Phytophthora citricola, Isolated from Persea americana". Mycologia. 66 (5): 830–845. doi:10.1080/00275514.1974.12019681. PMID 4437579.

Books

References

  1. ^ "Hickman, Clarence James". dizbi.hazu.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  2. ^ Hickman, C. J. (1940). "The red core root disease of the Strawberry caused by Phytophthora fragariae n. sp". Journal of Pomology. 18 (2): 89–118. doi:10.1080/03683621.1941.11513556.
  3. ^ Calendar. University of Birmingham. 1938. p. 341.
  4. ^ a b c Desmond, Ray, ed. (25 February 1994). "Hickman, Clarence James". Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers. CRC Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780850668438.
  5. ^ Hickman, C. J. (1958). "Phytophthora—plant destroyer". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 41 (1): 1–13.
  6. ^ Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). CAB International. 2008. p. 753. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  7. ^ "University and Middlesex Colleges Faculties and Courses; Botany — University College Professors: Clarence James Hickman, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D".
  8. ^ International Plant Names Index. Hickman.
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