Chryseis of Macedonia

Chryseis of Macedonia (fl. 230s–220s BC) was a queen consort of Macedonia. She is named by ancient sources as the wife or concubine of Demetrius II and the mother of Philip V. She then married Demetrius’ successor, Antigonus Doson, Philip’s guardian.

According to Eusebius, Chryseis was a captive Demetrius took from Thessalia.[1][2] Some historians follow Eusebius in saying that she married Demetrius and was Philip’s mother.[3][4][5] When Demetrius died when Philip was eight years old, Antigonus Doson prevented a dynastic crisis by becoming Philip’s guardian and marrying Chryseis.[6] They had sons together, but Antigonus treated Philip as his heir.[7]

Demetrius had wives called Stratonike and Phthia, of whom only Phthia is known to have been given the title of queen, basilissa.[8] Philip was born in about 238, at which time Demetrius is known to have been married to Phthia,[9] which has led some historians to argue that Chryseis was a nickname for Phthia or that Phthia was Philip’s mother instead.[10][11][12]

According to Polybius, Chryseis made a generous donation of grain and lead for the relief of the 226/7 earthquake in Rhodes.[13][14][15][16]

References

  1. ^ Erskine, Andrew; Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd (2010-12-31). Creating a Hellenistic World. Classical Press of Wales. ISBN 978-1-910589-24-3.
  2. ^ Fox, Robin J. Lane (2011-08-12). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC - 300 AD. BRILL. p. 518. ISBN 978-90-04-20923-7.
  3. ^ Palairet, Michael (2016-02-08). Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 1, From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-8843-1.
  4. ^ Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2000). Women and Monarchy in Macedonia. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 190–1. ISBN 978-0-8061-3212-9.
  5. ^ Dow, Sterling; Edson, Charles Farwell (1937). "Chryseis: A Study of the Evidence in Regard to the Mother of Philip V". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 48: 127–180. doi:10.2307/310693. ISSN 0073-0688.
  6. ^ Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990-01-01). A History of Macedonia. University of California Press. pp. 175–7. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8.
  7. ^ Horn, Apostle Arne (2016-05-14). Eusebius of Caesarea. Lulu.com. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-326-65445-0.
  8. ^ Carney, Elizabeth D.; Müller, Sabine (2020-11-09). The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-78399-9.
  9. ^ King, Carol J. (2017-07-28). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-351-71032-9.
  10. ^ Worthington, Ian (2023). The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–7. ISBN 978-0-19-752005-5.
  11. ^ Tarn, W. W. (1940). "Phthia — Chryseis". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 51: 483–501. ISSN 0073-0688.
  12. ^ Le Bohec, Sylvie (1981). "Phthia, Mère De Philippe V: Examen Critique Des Sources". Revue des Études Grecques. 94 (445/446): 34–46. ISSN 0035-2039.
  13. ^ Polybius (1974). The Histories of Polybius. Greenwood Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-8371-6479-3.
  14. ^ Walbank, Frank W. (2002-09-05). Polybius, Rome and the Hellenistic World: Essays and Reflections. Cambridge University Press. pp. 109–10. ISBN 978-1-139-43605-2.
  15. ^ Durant, Will (2014-01-21). The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-7971-3.
  16. ^ Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011-07-07). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.
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