Chacao Channel bridge

Chacao Channel Bridge
Coordinates41°47′35″S 73°31′20″W / 41.79306°S 73.52222°W / -41.79306; -73.52222 (Chacao Channel bridge)
CrossesChacao Channel
LocalePargua–Chacao, Los Lagos Region, Chile
Characteristics
DesignSuspension bridge
Total length2,634 m (8,642 ft)[1]
Width25 m (82 ft)[1]
Height184 m (604 ft)
(north tower)
159.9 m (525 ft)
(middle tower)
127.5 m (418 ft)
(south tower)[1]
Longest span1,155 m (3,789 ft)
1,055 m (3,461 ft)[1]
History
Construction start2017
Construction end2028
Location
Interactive map of Chacao Channel Bridge

The Chacao Channel bridge, also known as Chiloé Bicentennial Bridge, is a bridge currently under construction to link the island of Chiloé with mainland Chile crossing the Chacao Channel. It was one of the several projects that were planned to commemorate Chile's bicentennial in 2010. The construction of the bridge began in 2017. When completed as a suspension bridge, it will be the largest such bridge in South America. The opening of the bridge is planned for 2028.[2][3][4][5]

History

Construction of the bridge was scheduled to start in the second half of 2007 and completion was due in late 2012 at an approximate cost of US$410 million. However, on 31 July 2006, the consortium in charge of the project revealed that the total cost of constructing the bridge was US$930 million, which was above the limit of US$607 million imposed by the government. In response, the ministry of Public Works decided not to continue with the project. To compensate the people of Chiloé for not building the bridge, then President Michelle Bachelet promised an upgrade to the island's infrastructure.

In June 2009, the Minister of Public Works announced it would revive the project. The bridge would be redesigned (it would no longer be a suspension bridge) and its total cost would be less than in the original design, due to the falling price of steel worldwide. The toll would be also cheaper than a ferry ticket.[6]

In May 2012, President Sebastián Piñera again revived the project, announcing it would open an international bidding process to present the best solution for the construction of the bridge, with a US$740 million investment limit.[7][8]

Dimensions and features

The Chacao Channel bridge would replace the ferry that connects the village of Chacao, Ancud Comuna, on Route 5 (Ruta 5 Sur) at the northern end of Chiloé Island across the Chacao Channel with the village of Pargua, Calbuco Comuna, on the mainland.[9]

The original design for the bridge showed a total length of 2,635 m, consisting of three concrete towers (two 179.6 m high towers and one 160.77 m high south tower), two mainspans of 1,055 m and 1,100 m, and a suspended side span of 380 m, providing a minimum vertical clearance for navigation of 59 m. It was designed with two one-way lanes on each side. The bridge was designed for a lifespan of 100 years, resistant to winds over 240 km/h, and strong sea currents.

Design and construction

The project includes the construction of a suspension bridge with long spans, which will be the largest in Latin America, a region of the world where cable-stayed bridges dominate, with the longest suspension bridges being the Angostura Bridge over the Orinoco River in Venezuela, with a total length of 1,679 m and a main span of 712 m, followed by the Hercílio Luz Bridge, which connects Santa Catarina Island to the mainland of the city of Florianópolis in southeastern Brazil, a structure with a total length of 821 m and a main span of 339 m.[10]

The bridge will connect the Big Island with the mainland at the narrowest point of the Chacao Channel—2.5 km—between Punta San Gallán (Ancud) and Punta Coronel (Calbuco).[12] It will have a total length of 2,750 m and a width of 21.6 m, with four lanes, a central tower of 179 m in height installed on the Remolino rock, and two north and south towers of 199 m and 157 m in height, respectively. The south tower will be the only one not in the water.[13] Due to the strong winds in the channel, the bridge is designed to withstand gusts of up to 200 km/h; however, in "high wind" situations, vehicle traffic will be temporarily restricted.[14] Crossing the bridge is estimated to take three minutes at a speed of 80 km/h.[12] High-strength concrete and steel will be used, a type of material very common in large-scale projects worldwide, and on which several Chilean researchers have already conducted studies and experimental tests to verify the mechanical properties of these materials.[15]

In addition to the bridge itself, the project includes an operations center located southeast of the structure, for data analysis and monitoring of the bridge's operation. This building will also include a viewing platform for visitors, a café, and a museum about the bridge and the History of Chiloé. On the north side, there will be a smaller building replicating the operations center's functions.[12]

Although not part of the bridge construction itself, the project also includes road access to the structure. The northern access was built as part of the highway Concession Puerto Montt-Pargua, based on the original Bicentennial Bridge project, while the southern access—4.5 km in length—was tendered by the MOP in 2013.[16]

In November 2016, Bentley Systems awarded the project the international "Be Inspired" award for the best engineering design in the world.[17]

Financing

Financing, design, construction, operation and maintenance was originally awarded for thirty years to the Chiloé Bicentennial Bridge Consortium, consisting of French company Vinci Construction Grand Projets, German company Hochtief, American Bridge Company and Chilean companies Besalco and Tecsa. Hochtief was the overall leader, Vinci provided the technical lead, and American Bridge was to contribute cable spinning and deck erection technology.

In the revived 2012 process the contract was awarded to a consortium of the OAS, Hyundai, SYSTRA, and Aas-Jakobsen with financial backing from Brazilian, French and Norwegian investors.[18]

Criticism

See also: Chiloé Wind Farm

Supporters expected that the bridge would boost tourism, increase investment and business opportunities on the island and provide better access to medical care. However, some inhabitants of Chiloé did not agree and they claimed that the bridge was harmful and even dangerous. This was due to claims that it would increase resource collection such as logging and increase pollution.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Pizarro, Diego; Hube, Matías; Valenzuela, Matías; Márquez, Marcelo (23 September 2015). Dynamic Characteristics of a Longitudinally Asymmetrical Multi-Span Suspension Bridge: The Chacao Bridge. IABSE Conference – Structural Engineering. Geneva, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. doi:10.2749/222137815818203971. hdl:10533/239019.
  2. ^ https://elinsular.cl/noticias/chiloe/2024/06/28/mop-confirmo-terminacion-del-puente-chacao-para-el-segundo-semestre-del-2028/
  3. ^ "RM Bridge Streamlines Design and Analysis of South America's Longest Suspension Bridge". Civil + Structural Engineer. 2017-09-13. Archived from the original on 2018-03-22. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  4. ^ "Chacao Bridge - Chile". Aas-Jakobsen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  5. ^ "Se alarga el plazo para el Puente Chacao: Hyundai pide segunda extensión para concluir obras y apunta a 2025". 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  6. ^ "Puente Chacao: MOP proyecta peaje de $8.000 por cruzarlo en auto | NACIONAL". latercera.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  7. ^ "Anuncio de bono de alimentación y puente en Chiloé destacan en cuenta pública de Piñera". Emol.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  8. ^ "Licitación por puente Chacao será por US$ 740 millones" (PDF) (in Spanish). La Tercera. 2012-05-22. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  9. ^ Sola, Marcelo (2015). "Crossing Chacao Channel to get to Chiloé". InterPatagonia. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015.
  10. ^ Histórico da Ponte Hercílio Luz. Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine Deinfra. Governor do Estado de Santa Catarina.
  11. ^ Felipe Plascencia, Chacao suspension bridge rises with steel from the Bío Bío region, Diario Concepción, 8 December 2019.
  12. ^ a b c Ministry of Public Works. "Project Description". Chacao Bridge. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  13. ^ Larenas Faúndez, Carolina (31 July 2017). "Technical aspects of the "Chacao" bridge construction detailed". La Estrella de Chiloé. Castro. p. 6. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  14. ^ "Traffic on future Chacao Bridge will be restricted during high winds". Radio Biobío. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  15. ^ Egger, J. E.; Rojas, F. R.; Massone, L. M. (2021-09-24). "High-Strength Reinforcing Steel Bars: Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior Using RGB Methodology". International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 15 (38). doi:10.1186/s40069-021-00474-9. S2CID 237629712.
  16. ^ "MOP opens bids for construction of the southern access to Chacao Bridge". La Tercera. Santiago. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  17. ^ Miranda, Marjory (3 November 2016). "Chacao Bridge awarded for best engineering design in the world". La Tercera. Santiago. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  18. ^ Barahona, Rolando Castillo (6 March 2015). "Puente Colgante Sobre el Canal de Chacao Será el más Largo de Chile y de América Latina". Universidad de Costa Rica. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015.
  19. ^ Daltroff, Lucy (25 January 2015). "The islanders who don't want a bridge to the mainland". BBC News Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015.
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