Castilleja minor
| Castilleja minor | |
|---|---|
| var. minor | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Genus: | Castilleja |
| Species: | C. minor
|
| Binomial name | |
| Castilleja minor (A.Gray) A.Gray
| |
| Varieties[3] | |
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Castilleja minor is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known as thread-torch paintbrush or seep paintbrush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and eastward to the Rocky Mountain states.
Description
Castilleja minor is annual plant that typically grows 20–100 centimeters (8–39 in) tall, but occasionally may reach as much as 1.5 meters (4.9 ft). It may have a short taproot or small fibrous root system.[4] The stems are usually without branches and sparsely covered in loose, pilose hairs, ones that are long and straight. Each plant will have either just a few stems or one alone.[5] Sometimes the hairs are shaggy and this characteristic is associated with Castilleja minor var. minor.[4]
The leaves of thread-torch paintbrush vary widely in size, from as short as 2 centimeters or as long as 10 cm,[4] and are just 2–5 millimeters wide near the base.[5] They also vary widely in color from purple to green and may have a little or a significant gray cast. They may be linear, narrow like a blade of grass, or lanceolate, shaped like a spear point with the widest part below the midpoint of the leaf.[4] The leaves have a soft texture and are not divided into lobes.[4][5]
The inflorescence is narrow,[6] 5–40 centimeters long and just 1–4 cm wide.[4] The flowers are also, long, narrow, and threadlike.[7]
Taxonomy
Castilleja minor was first scientifically described by Asa Gray as a variety of Castilleja affinis as Castilleja affinis var. minor in 1859. In 1876 he published a revision of his previous classification, changing it to a species with its accepted name. It is classified in the genus Castilleja within the family Orobanchaceae.[3]
Castilleja minor has four accepted varieties.[3]
- Castilleja minor var. exilis (A.Nelson) J.M.Egger
- Castilleja minor var. minor
- Castilleja minor var. spiralis (Jeps.) J.M.Egger
- Castilleja minor var. stenantha (A.Gray) J.M.Egger
Castilleja minor has eight synonyms of the species or three of its four varieties.[3][8][9][10]
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castilleja affinis Benth. | 1849 | species | var. spiralis | = het., nom. illeg. |
| Castilleja affinis var. minor A.Gray | 1859 | variety | C. minor | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja exilis A.Nelson | 1904 | species | var. exilis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja minor subsp. spiralis (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard | 1992 | subspecies | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja spiralis Jeps. | 1901 | species | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stenantha A.Gray | 1878 | species | var. stenantha | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stenantha subsp. spiralis (Jeps.) Munz | 1958 | subspecies | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stricta Rydb. | 1900 | species | var. exilis | ≡ hom., nom. illeg. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Names
In English it is known by the common names of thread-torch paintbrush,[7] seep paintbrush,[4] or annual paintbrush.[11] In the early 1900s it was also known as small-flowered painted-cup.[12]
References
- ^ Smith, K. (2016). "Castilleja minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T64310257A67729120. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64310257A67729120.en. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ NatureServe (2024). "Castilleja minor". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Castilleja minor (A.Gray) A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Egger, J. Mark; Zika, Peter F.; Wilson, Barbara L.; Brainerd, Richard E.; Otting, Nick (6 November 2020). "Castilleja minor". Flora of North America. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Jr., Steve L.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 692–693. ISBN 978-1-930723-84-9. ISSN 0161-1542. LCCN 2012949654. OCLC 859541992. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ Wetherwax, Margriet; Chuang, T.I.; Heckard, Lawrence R. (2012). "Castilleja minor". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ a b Niehaus, Theodore F. (1998). A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 250–251. ISBN 978-0-585-36531-2.
- ^ "Castilleja minor var. exilis (A.Nelson) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ^ "Castilleja minor var. spiralis (Jeps.) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ^ "Castilleja minor var. stenantha (A.Gray) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ^ Keator, Glenn; Middlebrook, Alrie (2007). Designing California Native Gardens: The Plant Community Approach to Artful, Ecological Gardens. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23978-4.
- ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1907). Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 840. Retrieved 28 September 2024.