Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano
Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano 3rd Duke of la Torre | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Carlos Ignacio Martínez de Campos y Serrano |
| Born | 6 October 1887 |
| Died | 20 May 1975 (aged 87) |
| Buried | 40°32′12″N 3°47′11″W / 40.53667°N 3.78639°W |
| Allegiance | Nationalist Spain |
| Branch | Spanish Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant general |
| Conflicts | Melilla War Rif War Spanish Civil War |
| Awards | See awards section |
| Other work | Chief of the Central General Staff of the Army (1940–1941) Member of the Royal Spanish Academy (1950–1975) Member of the Royal Academy of History (1960–1975) |
| Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army | |
| In office 1940–1941 | |
| Caudillo | Francisco Franco |
| Minister of the Army | José Enrique Varela |
| Preceded by | Fidel Dávila Arrondo |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Asensio Cabanillas |
| Member of the Royal Spanish Academy | |
| In office 29 January 1950 – 20 May 1975 | |
| Preceded by | Miguel Artigas Ferrando |
| Succeeded by | Manuel de Terán Álvarez |
| Member of the Royal Academy of History | |
| In office 1 December 1960 – 20 May 1975 | |
| Preceded by | Alfredo Kindelán |
| Succeeded by | Antonio Blanco Freijeiro |
Carlos Ignacio Martínez de Campos y Serrano, 3rd Duke of la Torre (6 October 1887 – 20 May 1975) was a Spanish military officer, historian and academic.
Biography
Born on 6 October 1887 in Paris,[1][2] he was the son of Concepción Serrano —daughter of General Francisco Serrano— and José María Martínez de Campos.[3] He fought in the Melilla War in 1909; later he was stationed as a military attaché in Japan and China.[4] Between 1921 and 1924 he fought in the Rif War.[5] He remained as military attaché of the Spanish embassy in Italy from 1924 to 1931, assuming additional responsibilities in Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Albania from his post in Rome starting in 1929.[5] In September 1931 he would return to Spain.[6]
Martínez de Campos, who joined the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War,[7] would be promoted to brigadier general, holding the position of Chief of the Central General Staff of the Spanish Army from 1940 to 1941[2] and, in 1943, to major general.[8] According to Gonzalo Menéndez-Pidal, Martínez Campos freed the writer Pío Baroja from a probable execution in the town of Santesteban, at the beginning of the Civil War.[9] He was one of the personalities mentioned in the January 1941 order that named the members of the so-called Council of the Hispanidad.[10] In 1943 he was the head of the military commission that negotiated with Nazi Germany the purchase of armaments through the Bär Program.[11]
Martínez de Campos, who took possession of his status as a member of the Royal Spanish Academy on 29 January 1950,[12] was the tutor of Juan Carlos de Borbón between 1955 and 1960.[13] In 1951 he was promoted to lieutenant general.[14] He was placed in reserve by decree in 1957.[15] He joined the Royal Academy of History as a full member on 1 December 1960, although he had been a corresponding member since 1923.[16] He was also a member of the Juan de la Cierva Board of Trustees of the CSIC.[2]
He died in Madrid on 20 May 1975.[17]
Awards
- Cross (with White Decoration) of the Military Order, 2nd Class (1935)[18]
- Commander with Plaque of the Grand Imperial Order of the Red Arrows (1938)[19]
- Military Medal (1939)[20]
- Grand Cross of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild (1942)[21]
- Grand Cross (with White Decoration) of Military Merit (1942[22] and 1944[23])
- Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (1949)[24]
- Grand Cross of Aeronautical Merit (1954)[25]
- Grand Cross of the Royal and Much Distinguished Order of Charles III (1971)[26]
Works
- (in Spanish) Tratado de equitación (1912)[27]
- (in Spanish) La Artillería y la Aviación (1917)[27]
- (in Spanish) La zona francesa de Marruecos (1918)[27]
- (in Spanish) Historia militar del Japón (1920)[27]
- (in Spanish) Las fuerzas militares del Japón (1922)[27]
- (in Spanish) Arte militar aéreo (1925)[27]
- (in Spanish) La Artillería en la batalla (1928)[27]
- (in Spanish) Pájaros de acero (1930)[27]
- (in Spanish) La campaña de Fezzan (1935)[27]
- (in Spanish) Los fuegos (1935)[27]
- (in Spanish) Arte bélico (1936)[27]
- (in Spanish) La cuestión de los servicios (1936)[27]
- (in Spanish) El empleo de la Artillería (1941)[27]
- (in Spanish) Cuestiones de anteguerra (1944)[27]
- (in Spanish) Teoría de la guerra (1944)[27]
- (in Spanish) Ayer (1945)[27]
- (in Spanish) Otra guerra (1948)[27]
- (in Spanish) Dilemas (1950)[27]
- (in Spanish) Canarias en la brecha (1953)[27]
- (in Spanish) Figuras históricas (1958)[27]
- (in Spanish) Ensayos y comentarios (1962)[27]
- (in Spanish) Islandia tierra de hielo y fuego (1965)[27]
- (in Spanish) España bélica. El siglo XVI (1966)[28]
References
- ^ Guerrero Martín 2015, p. 192.
- ^ a b c "Ha fallecido el duque de la Torre". ABC (in Spanish). Madrid: 8. 21 May 1975.
- ^ "Correspondencia con la Historia. Línea Línea 4, Serrano" (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016.
- ^ López Anglada 1983, p. 58.
- ^ a b Guerrero Martín 2015, p. 193.
- ^ Guerrero Martín 2015, p. 194.
- ^ López Anglada 1983, pp. 58–59.
- ^ "DECRETOS por los que se promueve al empleo de Generales de División a los de Brigada don Enrique Uzquiano Leonard, don Saturnino González Badia, don Rafael Latorre Roca, don Ricardo Marzo Pellicer, don Maximino Bartoméu y González Longoria y don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (9): 290–291. 9 January 1943.
- ^ "Gonzalo Menéndez-Pidal revela cómo Martínez Campos liberó a Baroja de la muerte". ABC (Madrid) (in Spanish). 14 January 2005. Retrieved 1 December 2025.
- ^ Delgado Gómez-Escalonilla 1988, p. 237.
- ^ Molina 2014, p. 152.
- ^ "Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano" (in Spanish). Real Academia Española.
- ^ Guerrero Martín 2015, p. 195.
- ^ "DECRETO de 30 de marzo de 1951 por el que se promueve al empleo de Teniente General al General de División don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (92): 1441. 2 April 1951.
- ^ "Decreto por el que pasa a la situación de reserva el Teniente General don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (269): 5960. 25 October 1957.
- ^ Pabón 1975, p. 273.
- ^ López Anglada 1983, pp. 58–59; Guerrero Martín 2015, p. 192.
- ^ "Ley concediendo al Comandante de Artillería, Diplomado de Estado Mayor, don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano, la Cruz de segunda clase de la Orden militar, con distintivo blanco, pensionada con el 10 por 100 del sueldo de su actual empleo, hasta su ascenso a General o retiro, por ser autor de la obra titulada "La ocupación del Fezzan por las tropas italianas", y otros trabajos que ponen de relieve su gran cultura militar, puesta al servicio de la profesión castrense". Gaceta de Madríd (in Spanish) (60): 1789. 1 March 1935.
- ^ "Nombramiento Comendador con Placa de la Gran Orden Imperial de las Flechas Rojas". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (93): 1552. 1 October 1938.
- ^ "Orden concediendo la Medalla Militar al Teniente Coronel D. Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano y otros". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (13): 234–235. 13 January 1939.
- ^ "DECRETOS por los que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de San Hermenegildo a los Generales de Brigada don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano, don Luis Odriozola Arévalo, don Augusto Jordá e Iglesias y don Gerardo Martínez de Tejada y Rogero". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (149): 3785–3786. 29 May 1942.
- ^ "DECRETOS por los que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden del Mérito Militar con distintivo blanco a los Generales de División don Agustín Muñoz Grandes y don Fernando Barrón Ortiz y al de Brigada don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (289): 8215. 16 October 1942.
- ^ "DECRETOS por los que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden del Mérito Militar con distintivo blanco, a los Generales de División don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano y don Eduardo de Fuentes Cervera (pensionada con el diez por ciento del sueldo de su actual empleo, hasta su ascenso al inmediato o pase a la situación de reserva)". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (104): 2936. 13 April 1944.
- ^ "DECRETO de 18 de julio de 1949 por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (201): 3226–3227. 20 July 1949.
- ^ "DECRETO de 12 de noviembre de 1954 por el que se concede la Gran Cruz del Mérito Aeronáutico al Teniente General del Ejército don Carlos Martínez Campos". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (333): 7902. 29 November 1954.
- ^ "Decreto 1606/1971, de 17 de julio, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III a don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (170): 11794. 17 July 1971.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v López Anglada 1983, p. 60.
- ^ Chávarri 1967, p. 2.
Bibliography
- Chávarri, Raúl (1967). "Carlos Martínez de Campos: "España bélica. El siglo XVI". Dos tomos. Primer tomo, 306p., segundo tomo, 293. Editorial Aguilar. Madrid, 1966. Colección Evocaciones y Memorias". Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos (in Spanish) (214). Madrid: Instituto de Cultura Hispánica: 239–242. ISSN 0011-250X.
- Delgado Gómez-Escalonilla, Lorenzo (1988). Diplomacia franquista y politica cultural hacia Iberoamérica, 1939–1953 (in Spanish). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Estudios Históricos. ISBN 84-00-06892-0.
- Guerrero Martín, Alberto (2015). Análisis y trascendencia de la colección bibliográfica militar (1928–1936) (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia.
- López Anglada, Luis (1983). "Escritores militares. El teniente general don Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano duque de la Torre y conde de Llovera". Ejército. Revista de las Armas y Servicios (in Spanish). 44 (522). Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones del Estado Mayor del Ejército: 57–60. ISSN 0013-2918.
- Molina Franco, Lucas (2014). La ayuda militar alemana a España 1939–1945 (Thesis) (in Spanish). Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras.
- Pabón, Jesús (1975). "Excmo. Sr. D. Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano, duque de la Torre (1887–1975)". Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). 172 (2). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia: 273–280. ISSN 0034-0626.