Avenida Emancipación

Avenida Emancipación
Avenida de la Emancipación
Ripley store at the Casa Barragán in the intersection with the Jirón de la Unión
Part ofDamero de Pizarro
NamesakeEmancipation of Peru[a]
FromJirón de la Unión
Major
junctions
See list
ToRamón Castilla Square
Construction
Completion1535

Emancipation Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Emancipación) is a major avenue in the Damero de Pizarro, an area of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with Union Street and continues until it reaches the Ramón Castilla Square. It is continued to the east by Cuzco Street, formerly part of the avenue.[1][2]

Name

The street's name comes from the project that was ultimately adopted in 1862, which replaced the city's traditional names with names that reflected the country's political geography. The term jirón is a type of street, whose axis is formed from a variety of different, single-block streets.[3] From its renaming until 1971, it was known as Arequipa Street (Spanish: Jirón Arequipa), named after the Department of Arequipa.[4] It was also known as Riva-Agüero Street (Spanish: Jirón Riva-Agüero),[5] after José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, during the 20th century.[6] Both names co-existed until the project to widen the avenue with a new name took place.[7]

In 1971,[8] the street was renamed after the Peruvian War of Independence, also known as the Emancipation in local historiography, to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the country's independence, being formally inaugurated under its new name (Avenida de la Emancipación) in 1974.

History

The then-unnamed multi-street axis was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. In 1862, the city adopted the naming project of Mariano Bolognesi, an idea first proposed by Manuel Atanasio Fuentes in 1857. Consequently, streets intersecting with the newly-named Union Street had two separate names, one for their west side and another for the east. In this sense, one jirón in reality was made up of a variety of different streets.[3] This new street was named after Arequipa Province.

The traditional Calle de Minería (its current first block) was named after the Royal Mining Court, established there in 1786. It housed residents such as painter Agustín de Sojo, wood carver Martín Alonso de Mesa, and government official Illán Suárez de Carbajal, who was assassinated by Viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela. It was later renamed after different noble families who lived there. The Marquesses of Corpa gave the street another name during the 17th and 18th centuries, as did the Marquesses of Torreblanca at another point in time.[9]

The traditional Calle del Mármol de Carvajal (its current second block) was named after Francisco de Carvajal, who lived there. After he rebelled against King Charles I, he was ultimately defeated at the Battle of Jaquijahuana. In condemnation of his betrayal, his plot was razed and an infamous marble tombstone was placed, which was removed and restored a number of times.[10] It was later called Calle de los Gallos, after the cockfighting establishment of Calixto Pozo, who built such a building in his property.[11]

The traditional Calle de San Marcelo (its current third block) after the church and square of the same name. The latter housed the residence of the Counts of Torre Velarde.[12]

The traditional Calle de la Pregonería (its current fourth block) after the establishment (a place where public auction sales of both property and merchandise had been carried out since the 16th century) of the same name. In 1613, it was named after the residences of Alonso de Carrión, a government scribe, and Juana de Cepeda, who was a family member of Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda Dávila y Ahumada.[13]

The traditional Calle de Patos (its current fifth block) for reasons unknown. Juan Bromley alleges that the street's could've had a similar origin to that of a street of the same name in Santiago de Chile, itself named after the ducks that frequented the bodies of water that surrounded the road.[14]

The traditional Calle de Ranchería del Pato (its current sixth block) after the previous block and its rustic homes, also being known simply as 'Ranchería' at one point. In 1613, it was named after Ana Niño, and one of the city's limits.[15]

The traditional Calle de Pampilla de Leones (its current seventh block), was named for reasons unknown.[16] Its eight block was once known as the traditional Calle de Huaripampa, and its current ninth block was once known as the Calle de Minas.

Recent history

The street was widened from 1971 to 1974, during the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado and under the tenure of Mayor Chachi Dibós. The controversial project led to the demolition of old houses that were located in the northern part of the strip.[17]

Route

The street begins at its intersection with Union Street's sixth and seventh blocks. A station of the Metropolitano occupies its southern side. The Casa Barragán, a three-storey building that was inaugurated in 1913, is located at its southeastern corner. Its café, the Palais Concert, brought together several figures from the intellectual life of Lima at that time, such as Abraham Valdelomar, José Carlos Mariátegui and César Vallejo. Across the street is a house that currently houses a KFC restaurant.[18] The historic building of the National University of Music is located further down the block. It was partly demolished by the street's widening in 1970, with its façade being rebuilt and its structures modified to accommodate the lost terrain.[7] At the end of the same block was the Edificio Minería, which was completely demolished.[2]

The street's second block starts with the building of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations at its southeastern corner, originally built alongside an underground tunnel for a cancelled metro system as the building of the Banco de la Vivienda. A copy of the marble sign left at the former residence of Francisco de Carvajal is mounted on the building's northern side. Next to it is the Casa Echenique, once part of Carvajal residence and the later residence of president José Rufino Echenique, Pío Tristán and Paul Gauguin (until the age of seven), all of the same family. Despite its declaration as part of the Cultural heritage of Peru on February 15, 1983, and the façade remaining intact, a large part of the interior is in ruin after it was demolished to make way for a gallery. A project by PROLIMA was announced in 2023, which aims to restore the former architecture of the house's interior.[19]

The street's third and fourth block feature San Marcelo Square and Church. The former features a sculpture dedicated to María Laos, who was killed in 1930 while unsuccessfully trying to protect her husband, Antonio Miró Quesada de la Guerra, from Carlos Steer Lafont, leader of the Aprista Youth Federation.[20] Across the street was the house of Pedro Beltrán Espantoso, owner of the disappeared La Prensa. It was the last home to be demolished with the street's widening, and its demolition was the focus of a fierce debate that concluded when it was demolished during a two-week period while its owner was on a trip, starting on September 16, 1971.[21][22]

The fourth block concludes at its intersection with Tacna Avenue. This corner houses the Edificio Oropeza, an incomplete building that has been abandoned for over three decades.[23][24] A station of the Metropolitano is located next to the building, and continues on the street's sixth block on the other side of the avenue.

The street final blocks continue into Monserrate, a historic neighbourhood of Lima limited by this avenue, as well as those of Tacna and Alfonso Ugarte.[25] The street's ninth block reaches Ramón Castilla Square, where the Metropolitano station of the same name is located.

Transport

The street is divided into four lanes. Two are used for regular vehicular transit, while two are reserved for the city's bus system.

Bus service

The Metropolitano, the city's bus service, operates its Route C alongside the avenue.[26] Since 2009,[27] a station (Jirón de la Unión) services its first block. Two more stations (Tacna and Ramón Castilla) are located near Tacna Avenue and Ramón Castilla Square, respectively.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avenida Emancipación.

Notes

  1. ^ As part of the 150th anniversary of the country's declaration of independence in 1821.

References

  1. ^ Coloma Porcari, César (1997). La Ciudad de los Reyes y la "Guía del viajero en Lima" de Manuel Atanasio Fuentes (in Spanish). Instituto Latinoamericano de Cultura y Desarrollo. p. 84. ISBN 978-9972-676-00-0.
  2. ^ a b Cook Robles, Antonio (1972). Cuentos de mi Perú (in Spanish). Iberia. p. 93. Pues bien, en la calle antigua de Minería, hoy primera cuadra del jirón José de la Riva Agüero, antes Arequipa, se había construído uno de los primeros rascacielos de la Gran Ciudad. En consecuencia, conocimos su ascensor que era, para los limeños de antaño, motivo de grata novedad. Dicho edificio se ha demolido no hace mucho para dar ampliación al jirón ya mencionado que, junto con el del Cuzco, componen la Avenida de la Emancipación.
  3. ^ a b Bromley 2019, p. 133–136.
  4. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 136.
  5. ^ de Reparaz Ruiz, Gonzalo (1974). Guide to Peru: Handbook for Travelers with Compact Tourist Atlas of Peru. Ediciones de Arte Rep. p. 438.
  6. ^ Ascher, Ernesto (1974). "La Calle de Gallos". Curiosidades limeñas (in Spanish). Servicios de Artes Gráficas. p. 86.
  7. ^ a b Amorós, Samuel. "La sede histórica de la Universidad Nacional de Música" (PDF). Instituto de Investigación del Patrimonio Cultural.
  8. ^ Humberto Delgado, Luis. Independencia del Perú: un cuadro de ayer y de hoy (in Spanish). p. 28. Impreso este libro en la primera quincena de Abril, la Municipalidad de Lima, con muy buen tino, ha cambiado el nombre del jirón Riva-Agüero que el autor de este libro critica, por el de Avenida de la Emancipación. Asi se espera que suceda con la mal llamada Avenida Garcilaso de la Vega. Lima, Mayo de 1971.
  9. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 313–314.
  10. ^ "El mármol del Demonio". El Peruano. 2020-02-29.
  11. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 296–298.
  12. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 389.
  13. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 364–365.
  14. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 339.
  15. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 371.
  16. ^ Bromley 2019, p. 287, 336.
  17. ^ "El Monumenticidio?". 7 [i.e. siete] días del Perú y del mundo. No. 653–664. 1971. p. 7.
  18. ^ "Municipio ordenó a KFC retirar cartel por atentar contra ornato". El Comercio. 2014-02-02.
  19. ^ Cayetano, José (2023-06-19). "El prometido regreso a la vida de tres casonas históricas de Lima". El Comercio.
  20. ^ Panizo Arana, Mathías (2023-12-19). "Restauran escultura de María Laos: ¿Por qué se recuerda a este personaje?". El Comercio.
  21. ^ "Colección Zapata/Arias-Schreiber: Artículos periodísticos-Patrimonio" (PDF). Instituto Riva-Agüero. Empezó ayer la demolición de la casona de Belaochaga [1971-Set.-17]
  22. ^ Documental del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 26. 1972. p. 25. La opinión pública durante meses estuvo absorbida por el a veces interesante y el a veces cansador debate sobre si se destruía o no a una señorial casona de los primeros años de la República, ubicada en la calle Belaochaga, para dar pase a la nueva avenida de La Emancipación. Pedro G. Beltrán (economista, político, Director a la sazón de "La Prensa", ex-Embajador del Perú en Washington, ex-Primer Ministro y ex-Presidente de la SIP) defendió con tal ardor y perseverancia a esta vieja casona, de su propiedad, que el cotarro se agitó como si fuesen a tumbar Machu-Picchu. Mas, de nada valieron las razones y las sinrazones de arquitectos y urbanistas que la declararon Monumento. De nada valió, tampoco, que Beltrán ofreciera donar la casa para convertirla en museo. Y de nada valieron las decenas de reportajes que publicó diligentemente "La Prensa" para defender la casa, mientras Beltrán estaba de viaje. El Alcalde de Lima, Eduardo Dibós Chapuis (ingeniero industrial, motociclista, corredor de autos y ex-Presidente de la SNI), avanzó con más terquedad su flamante avenida de La Emancipación y, cuando llegó frente a la casona, mandó sin más a sus hombres a que rompieran la puerta con una comba. Luego tumbaron casi toda la casa con increíble rapidez. Y la nueva avenida pasó de largo. Así ha desaparecido una de las más hermosas casas, de clásico balcón corrido de madera, que aún quedaban de la Lima tradicional.
  23. ^ Dextre, Cecilia (2023-06-19). "¿Has visto este edificio abandonado en la av. Tacna? Conoce su dramática historia". La República.
  24. ^ Lozano, Madeley (2022-08-21). "La triste historia del edificio abandonado en la Av. Tacna con Emancipación que lleva más de 30 años en juicio". El Popular.
  25. ^ "Lima bajo tierra: el Canal de Monserrate". Cosas. 2021-12-02.
  26. ^ "Metropolitano: vándalos atacaron estación Jirón de la Unión y hoy desvían la ruta A y recortan ruta C". El Comercio. 2022-12-14.
  27. ^ "El legendario Jirón de la Unión cumple 400 años de vida". Andina. 2009-10-06.

Bibliography


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