Ang Totoong Narcolist

On April 2, 2019, Peter Joemel Advincula, a former criminal, created a series of videos titled "Ang Totoong Narcolist" (transl. The True Narcolist). It discussed the alleged involvement of the Duterte family in drug syndicates, accusing politicians Bong Go and Paolo Duterte, both closely related to the Duterte family. The videos garnered nationwide attention as politicians denied the accusations; a manhunt was also commenced.

During Advincula's childhood, he wanted to become a priest; he was introduced to a drug syndicate, which led to him being charged with fraud in 2012. Advincula had to remain in prison for six years; he was released one year early in 2017 due to good character. After dwelling in prison, Advincula wanted to become a whistleblower. He created a channel named "Ang Totoong Narcolist" in YouTube on April 2, 2019, based around a hooded whistleblower named "Bikoy". Five videos were produced, between April 2 and Advincula's surrender on May 6. The videos induced a manhunt for the perpetrator led by the National Bureau of Investigation. Originally, Rodel Jayme, the owner of a website which distributed the videos, was apprehended on April 30. Just before Jayme was convicted, Advincula surrendered to the police. He paid his bail and left Camp Crame, where he was detained, yet returned to the police for protection. Numerous politicians were charged with sedition, including Vice President Leni Robredo and Trillanes. The Oust Duterte matrix, a diagram exhibiting participants of an alleged ouster plot, was released on April 22, soon after the controversy.

Background

Perpetrator

Advincula was born in 1989, in Donsol, Sorsogon, Philippines. He was introduced to a drug syndicate operating in Misibis Bay on May 6, 2010, and was selected to head closed-circuit television operations in underground facilities throughout the area. After, he was tasked to prepare the monthly "TARA", a document listing the collections and payoffs that month.[1] During this time, Advincula allegedly witnessed the killing of one of his syndicate members, as well as the raping of the latter's wife and daughter.[2]

Advincula fled the syndicate due to a fear that he would be murdered. Eventually, National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) agents found Advincula. He attempted to run from them but was arrested, convicted of fraud in 2012, and sentenced to six years in prison. During the first three years, he was detained at the Naga City District Jail. He was transferred to the New Bilibid Prison due to good behavior. In prison, he returned to his religious activities, serving as a "teacher" for the local detainees.[1] Allegedly, during his detainment, he contacted the office of Senator Tito Sotto. He attempted to expose the businessmen who connected him to the drug syndicate to leave the prison. Sotto did not reply, finding his claims "suspicious."[3] He was released in 2017, one year early due to good character.[1]

Duterte administration

Main article: Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte
See also: Protests against Rodrigo Duterte and Opinion polling on the Rodrigo Duterte presidency

Rodrigo Duterte won the 2016 Philippine presidential election and assumed presidency on June 30.[4] His presidency was controversial and marked by an intensive crackdown on illegal drugs. In his first 100 days, the Philippine National Police (PNP) killed approximately 3,600 people under Duterte's command. This drew condemnation from the United Nations, the European Union, and other international organizations.[5] Large protests have also been held against the administration of Duterte; many of them were against the PNP killings.[6] In September 2018, an alleged ouster plot, titled Red October, was allegedly found, reportedly created by members of the opposition.[7] In March 2019, Duterte exposed 46 "narcolists," or politicians with connections to drug syndicates.[8] Along with this, various disinformation campaigns were created leading up to the 2019 Philippine general election.[9] Surigao del Norte Representative Ace Barbers portrayed these scandals as a possible motive for the creation of the "Bikoy" videos.[10]

Videos

In August 2018, Advincula planned to go into hiding and become a whistleblower; he wanted to expose the Misibis Bay syndicate's operations.[1] He created a YouTube channel named "Ang Totoong Narcolist" (transl. The True Narcolist), set up on April 2, 2019. The videos are based around a hooded whistleblower named "Bikoy", who claimed to be a former member of drug syndicates in Southern Luzon and the Visayas archipelago. According to Vera Files, the videos seemed professionally done and had nice annotation.[11] Five videos were created in total, between April 2 and Advincula's surrender on May 6; the videos were widely circulated throughout social media.[12]

The first episode was released on April 2.[11][13] It displayed papers that "Bikoy" claimed to be TARA documents related to the syndicate. According to "Bikoy", typical TARA documents contain a date, a code name and bank account of a high-ranking official, and deposits made. The bottom of the documents flaunted a signature which ensured that the details in the documents were accurate. "Bikoy" then presented two code names, saying that the code names were not "so bright" due to their similarity to criminals' real names. He claimed the first code name was associated with Waldo Carpio, the brother of Sara Duterte's husband, Mans Carpio.[11][14] He then purported that the other code name belonged to Paolo Duterte, alleging that the latter had a tattoo on his back showing the code name.[15]

The second episode was released five days later[13][11] through Bombo Radyo Iloilo. It divulged a new code name, which according to "Bikoy", was difficult to trace. He eventually associated the names to three bank accounts, including one belonging to Elijah Manuel Pepito and another to Veronica Salvador. Pepito was the partner lawyer for Mans Carpio's law firm. "Veronica Salvador" was a merged name of Duterte's wife, Honeylet "Salvador" Avanceña, and their daughter Kitty, shown as "Veronica".[16]

The third episode was released on April 8, the following day,[13] on YouTube.[17] It discussed the alleged involvement of Senator Bong Go in the drug trade. "Bikoy" claimed that drug money was being funneled to Go's account and insisted that Go had a dragon tattoo on his back with his code name.[18] The fourth episode was released on April 12, four days later.[13] In the video, "Bikoy" further argued that Go had a dragon tattoo and stated that he was confident of his allegation; he showed a picture of Go playing basketball with a portion of the dragon tattoo visible. In the video, he reiterated that Carpio was involved in drug operations.[19] The fifth and final video was released on April 22. In it, "Bikoy" revealed alleged organizations related to the Misibis Bay syndicate and identified personalities he claimed were involved. He also exhibited the "Quadrangle Group", an alleged group of rich businessmen allegedly involved in drug operations.[13]

Reaction

Numerous Duterte-aligned politicians opposed the videos. During the episodes' release, Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo said that the allegations mentioned were "black propaganda" and that "Bikoy" was just a "pawn." He also accused the Liberal Party of the Philippines of creating the videos.[20] After the first video, President Duterte blamed the political opposition and hinted that Senator Antonio Trillanes was likely behind it, calling him gay.[21] Due to Advincula's allegations that Bong Go has a dragon tattoo, Go has shown his back on two occasions: at a Hugpong ng Pagbabago campaign event[18] and later at a Luntiang Pilipinas campaign event in Calamba, Laguna.[22] Trillanes praised the videos, wishing to have been part of the videos' creation. He then challenged Paolo Duterte to display the tattoo on his back, which Duterte refused to do.[15] The Liberal Party denied their involvement[23] while Communist Party of the Philippines founder Jose Maria Sison said "Bikoy" should be given protection to tell his story.[24] The Department of Justice of the Philippines (DOJ) questioned "Bikoy"'s credibility due to his anonymity.[25] The videos were considered a controversial topic online: viewers shared documents from the video, with a Facebook page titled "for the motherland Sass Rogando Sasot" encountering connections between the documents shown to a bank in Legazpi, Albay.[26] According to the Philippine News Agency, the videos were "publicly viewed, shared and uploaded" multiple times.[12]

Oust Duterte matrix

Main article: Oust Duterte matrix

Shortly after the release of the videos, specifically on April 16, Duterte reported in a speech that he had received intelligence reports detailing an alleged ouster plot. Six days later, Panelo released the "Oust Duterte matrix," on the president's orders. The matrix named journalists from several news outlets, particularly the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and Rappler. Panelo said those journalists could be feeding their stories to "enemies of the state," or the opposition. He stated that the matrix was released to expose those behind the alleged ouster plot and did not file charges against the journalists shown in the matrix.[27]

Manhunt and investigation

Rodel Jayme's arrest

The DOJ began investigating the videos April 17.[28] The cybercrime division of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) said that the website "metrobalita.net", a page which shared the videos, was owned by blogger Rodel Jayme. He was arrested in his residence in Parañaque April 30 and detained in NBI headquarters.[29] Jayme was them charged with sedition on May 2, with DOJ Secretary Menardo Guevarra saying he could also be charged with child abuse for mentioning Duterte's daughter in one of the videos.[28] Jayme accused opposition groups of forcing him to create the websites. An NBI spokesperson said that Jayme could be a state witness for the accusations.[30]

Peter Advincula's arrest

Just before Jayme was to be charged, Peter Advincula, the original "Bikoy", emerged. He requested help from the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) in suing the Dutertes and their allies,[31] maintaining his allegations were true. Two days later, the IBP rejected his offer. He then asked Senator Panfilo Lacson to postpone his hearing until the elections.[32] That same day, Guevarra gave Advincula an ultimatum: bring evidence to back up his claims in the videos to the NBI, or face sedition charges.[33] Advincula surrendered to police May 22, stating on national television that he played a role in a script made by the Liberal Party.[34][35][36] The media called this reversal "flip-flopping".[3] He also accused Trillanes of taking part in the video's production.[37] The DOJ said that his allegations would need a deep investigation.[38] Solicitor General Jose Calida offered legal aid to Advincula.[39] Advincula had his mugshot on May 23.[40] Elizaldy Co, one of the people mentioned in the videos, filed a 1 billion PHP lawsuit for damage from the accusations relating to him.[41]

The next day, Advincula, charged with for six counts of estafa, paid 6,000 PHP in bail.[42] The next day, he left Camp Crame, where he was detained.[43] The Philippine National Police (PNP) started an investigation against Advincula[44] yet skipped a case hearing on the investigation the following day.[45] He turned himself in to the police for protection on June 3, claiming that his life was in danger.[46] The next day, the DOJ concluded their investigation, charging him with fraud, without a statement from Advincula.[47] Trillanes released texts from Advincula for the production of the videos.[48] Advincula was released from protective custody on June 25.[49] Ako Bicol Representative Alfredo Garbin filed a resolution on May 29 for the Philippine House Committee on Information and Communications Technology to investigate the potential effects of misinformation on social media platforms due to the videos.[12] The resolution resulted in investigations against Facebook and Google and a request for both to attend the hearing.[50]

Lawsuits

Numerous politicians were sued for sedition on July 18, including Vice President Leni Robredo.[51] Investigations began into his and other politicians' connection to the "Bikoy" videos.[52] Advincula surrendered again to the PNP July 29.[53][54] He posted 10,000 PHP bail two days later[55] and then applied for state protection on August 5 with his lawyer Larry Gadon.[56] Two Catholic bishops were also charged with sedition later that month due to an alleged conversation with Advincula.[57] On August 20, Calida linked the videos to servers in the Ateneo de Manila University.[58] Robredo responded to the investigations with a counter-affidavit, denying the accusations on August 29.[59] In September, a former lawyer of Trillanes stated that the senator had ties to "Bikoy"; the senator denied the accusation.[60] On February 10, 2020, Robredo was cleared of the charges against her, while Antonio Trillanes and actor Joel Saracho, among others, were charged with sedition.[61]

Aftermath and legacy

On January 20, 2021, Advincula was charged with perjury by a Manila court for allegedly false statements against the Free Legal Assistance Group.[62][63] A warrant was issued for his arrest.[64] He surrendered at a local police station in Daraga, posting 18,000 PHP bail.[65] He was absent from the court on July 21, causing the court to reissue his arrest warrant due to Advincula being unable to justify his absence.[66] Advincula allegedly killed three politicians in Albay on November 13, with their bodies appearing in his ukay-ukay store in Daraga. He was declared the primary suspect.[67][68] According to local police, his possible motive was a grudge between him and one of the victims after the man rejected Advincula's request for a loan.[69] He posted the 1 million PHP bail on December 16.[70] Two years later, he was convicted of perjury in statements he made in 2019 implicating lawyers Erin Tañada, Chel Diokno, and Theodore Te in an ouster plot.[71][72] He was sentenced to a maximum of one year and one day in prison.[73] but eventually posted bail soon after the verdict.[74] In 2020, a journal released by the Ateneo de Manila University detailed the videos.[75] On October 8, 2024, Advincula filed his candidacy for senator in the 2025 election, pushing for a centralized correctional system in the Philippines[76][77] but he was declared a nuisance candidate by the Commission on Elections.[78]

See also

References

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Bibliography

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