Alton Ochsner

Alton Ochsner
Born(1896-05-04)May 4, 1896
Kimball, South Dakota, U.S.[1]
DiedSeptember 24, 1981(1981-09-24) (aged 85)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
EducationWashington University in St. Louis
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Known forFounder of Ochsner Clinic
Medical career
ProfessionSurgeon; medical researcher
InstitutionsTulane University, Touro Infirmary, Ochsner Clinic
ResearchSurgery

Alton Ochsner Sr. (May 4, 1896 – September 24, 1981) was an American surgeon and medical researcher who worked at Tulane University and other New Orleans hospitals before he established The Ochsner Clinic. Now known as Ochsner Medical Center, the clinic is the flagship hospital of Ochsner Health System. Among its many services are heart transplants.[2]

Medical career

Alton Ochsner was raised in Kimball, South Dakota. He was recruited to Tulane from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1927, he succeeded Rudolph Matas as professor and chairman of the Tulane Department of Surgery.[3] Although Tulane did not have its own hospital at the time, Ochsner succeeded in organizing a surgical teaching programs at New Orleans Charity Hospital, an institution that provided clinical opportunities to Ochsner and his students.[4] Ochsner's refusal to hire a friend of Louisiana governor Huey Long formed part of the background for Long's establishing another medical school, now the LSU Health Sciences Center, across the street from the Tulane University School of Medicine.

As a medical student at Washington University in St. Louis, young Ochsner was summoned to observe lung cancer surgery—something, he was told, that he might never see again. He did not witness another case for seventeen years. Then he observed eight in six months all being smokers who had picked up the habit in World War I.

As a teacher, he became renowned, perhaps notorious to his medical students and residents, for his intense verbal cross-examinations in the Charity Hospital amphitheater, or "bull pen" as it is known. He believed the psychologically taxing ordeal programmed students to perform well under stress and kept them on their toes.[5] At Touro Hospital, one of his patients was jazz musician Muggsy Spanier, who credited Ochsner with saving his life and composed the tune "Relaxin' at the Touro" during his recovery.

In 1955, Ochsner injected his grandchildren with a polio vaccine to demonstrate the vaccine's safety. However, the vaccine led to both grandchildren contracting polio, resulting in the death of his grandson and his granddaughter being paralyzed. The grandchildren were two of the approximately 120,000 children who received doses of polio vaccine from Cutter Laboratories that had not been manufactured properly, resulting in approximately 40,000 children contracting polio, which spread to other members of the children's families and communities, resuling in hundreds of cases of paralysis and ten known deaths.[6][7]

Ochsner clinic

The Ochsner Clinic, which he cofounded, was one of the first to document the link between cancer and cigarette use.[8] He pioneered the "war against smoking." His leadership in exposing the hazards of tobacco and its link to lung cancer remain one of his most important contributions. He maintained this association even though he was criticized and ridiculed by his peers. Known today as the Ochsner Medical Center, it is one of the United States's largest group practices and academic medical centers. In 1990 alone, the clinic had 650,000 outpatient visits.

Personal life

In 1948, he was named Rex, King of Carnival. He was a member of The Boston Club.[9] Ochsner was also involved in conservative politics, primarily within the Republican Party.

Ochsner was director of the Information Council of the Americas.[10] He presented a trophy to Juanita Castro, the sister of Fidel Castro, at an INCA gathering in January 1965.[11] He was also a member of the Cordell Hull Foundation.[12]

Ochsner and his wife had four children.[13]

Awards

In 1962, Ochsner received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[14]

References

  1. ^ Re-echoing the Past, Elsie Petula, 2000, pp 12-13
  2. ^ Ventura, HO (2002). "Alton Ochsner, MD: Physician". The Ochsner Journal. 4 (1): 48–52. PMC 3399234. PMID 22822315.
  3. ^ Holt, Mary. "Library Guides: Tulane University's Contributions to Health Sciences research and education: A Guide: Dr. E. W. Alton Ochsner, Sr". libguides.tulane.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  4. ^ Ventura, Hector O. (2002). "Alton Ochsner, MD: Physician". The Ochsner Journal. 4 (1): 48–52. ISSN 1524-5012. PMC 3399234. PMID 22822315.
  5. ^ "Alton Ochsner". The Medical Clinics of North America. Vol. 76. ELSEVIER LTD. September 1992. pp. 1009–1010.
  6. ^ Fitzpatrick, M. (2006). "The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to a Growing Vaccine Crisis". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 99 (3): 156. doi:10.1177/014107680609900320. PMC 1383764.
  7. ^ "BULBAR POLIO KILLS DOCTOR'S GRANDSON (May 5, 1955)". The New York Times. 5 May 1955. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  8. ^ Sirvaitis, Karen (1 September 2001). South Dakota. Lerner Publications. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-8225-4070-0.
  9. ^ "The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune 31 Jan 1959, page Page 10".
  10. ^ Hearings Before the Committee on Un-American Activities, Eighty-ninth Congress. First Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1965. p. 184.
  11. ^ "Castro's Sister Honored in US". The Virgin Islands Daily News. 23 January 1965.
  12. ^ Mellen, Joan (2013). The Great Game in Cuba: How the CIA Sabotaged its own Plot to Unseat Fidel Castro. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 180.
  13. ^ "Dr. Isabel Lockwood Ochsner". New Orleans Times-Picayune. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
  14. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
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