Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa (saint)
Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa | |
|---|---|
سيدي أحمد أو موسى | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | 1460 |
| Died | 1563 (aged 102–103) or 1564 (aged 103–104) Ida Ou Semlal, Sous, Morocco |
| Resting place | Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa, Morocco |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Sect | Sufi |
Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa[a] (1460 – 1563 or 1564)[4][5] was a Moroccan Sufi saint and spiritual leader of Tazerwalt in the Sous region of Morocco.[5]
Biography
Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa al-Jazouli al-Semlali was born in the mid-15th century around 1460 in Boumarouan, a small town in the Ida Ou Semlal in the Anti-Atlas mountains of the Sous region.[5][6] The date of his birth is unknown. His father was Sidi Musa and his mother Lalla Tawnut.[6] He is believed to be of Sharifian origin.[7][8]
Young, he moved to Marrakesh to study Islam before extensively travelling in the east for a long period of time. In 1521, he returned to Ilmatene, a small town in the Sous before settling in Tazerwalt.[9] He founded the Tazerwalt dynasty, and he established an Islamic zawiya, attracting hundreds of followers to his religious mystical teachings.[10]
Sidi Ahmed maintained good relations with the ruling Saadian dynasty and was able to use his religious standing to carve out an enclave of power within the Saadian state. Following his death in 1563, his grave became a pilgrimage site, and his offspring inherited much of the wealth and status he had acquired as a spiritual leader. His descendant Bu-Dmia continued as the emir of Tazerwalt, a short-lived dynasty centered in Iligh before its fall to the Alaouites.[10]
Legacy
After his death in 1563, a mausoleum was built in the zawiya and remains as a pilgrimage site in the village of Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa, which shares his name.[11]
Since the early 20th century, his name has been associated with groups of acrobatic entertainers called Oulad Sidi Ahmed ou Moussa[12] or Ayt Sidi Ḥmad u Musa,[2] and the yearly pilgrimage (or moussem).[9][13][14] They are mentioned by George Borrow in The Zincali.
See also
Notes
- ^ Tachelhit: Sidi Ḥmad u Musa;[1][2] Arabic: سيدي أحمد أو موسى, romanized: Sīdī Aḥmād ū-Mūsā. While French orientalist Henri Laoust transcribed his name as Ḥamed, both French soldier Léopold Justinard and scholar Harry Stroomer transcribe it as Ḥmad.[2] His name in Arabic manuscripts was given as Aḥmad ibn Mūsā al-Jazūlī al-Samlālī.[3]
References
- ^ Stroomer, Harry (2025-03-10). Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt - français (in French). Vol. 3. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-70046-8.
- ^ a b c Stroomer 2002, p. 43
- ^ El Mountassir, Abdellah (2019-01-01). "Sidi Ḥmad U-Musa". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (42): 7373–7391. doi:10.4000/14u2d. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ^ Justinard (Colonel.), Léopold-Victor (1933). Archives marocaines. Documents et renseignements de la direction des affaires indigènes (section sociologique). Volume XXIX. Notes sur l'histoire du Sous au XVIe siècle. I. Sidi Ahmed ou Moussa. II. Carnet d'un lieutenant à El Mansour, par le lieutenant-colonel Justinard (in French). H. Champion.
- ^ a b c El Adnani, Jillali (2007). "Ḥmād u-Mūsā". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- ^ a b Stroomer 2002, p. 44
- ^ Hatt 2009, p. 174
- ^ Abitbol, Michel (1988). "Maraboutism and State Formation in Southern Morocco". In Eisenstadt, Shmuel; Abitbol, Michel; Chazan, Naomi (eds.). The Early State in African Perspective: Culture, Power and Division of Labor. Studies in Human Society. Vol. 3. Brill. p. 137. ISBN 978-90-04-61800-8.
- ^ a b "SIDI AHMED O MOUSSA". tazeroualtti (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-28.
- ^ a b The Early state in African perspective : culture, power, and division of labor. Eisenstadt, S. N. (Shmuel Noah), 1923-2010., Abitbol, Michel., Chazan, Naomi, 1946-, Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1988. ISBN 90-04-08355-3. OCLC 16354172.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Sidi Ahmed-Ou-Moussa, un défenseur de la paix". Aujourd'hui le Maroc (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-28.
- ^ Escher, Anton (1998). "Les acrobates marocains dans les cirques allemands". Migrations internationales entre le Maghreb et l'Europe (in French) – via academia.edu.
- ^ Simour, Lhoussain (2020-01-02). "The other history of cultural encounters through performance revisited: shifting discourses on Moroccan acrobatic entertainers in nineteenth-century America". Cultural Studies. 34 (1): 70–94. doi:10.1080/09502386.2018.1564779. ISSN 0950-2386.
- ^ "Dons Royaux au Moussem Sidi Hmad Ou Moussa". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-28.
Sources
- Stroomer, Harry (2002). "Sidi Hmad U Musa of Tazerwalt (South Morocco) and the tashelhiyt berber oral tradition)". Études et Documents Berbères. 1920 (1): 43–64. doi:10.3917/edb.019.0043. ISSN 0295-5245.
- Hatt, Doyle (2009). "Moroccan Saints' Shrines as Systems of Distributed Knowledge". In Dawson, Allan Charles (ed.). Shrines in Africa: History, Politics, and Society. University of Calgary Press. pp. 153–205. ISBN 978-1-55238-246-2.