1970 Alabama House of Representatives election

1970 Alabama House of Representatives election
November 3, 1970
All 106 seats in the Alabama House of Representatives
54 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Rankin Fite
(lost re-election as speaker) 		Bert Nettles
(de facto) 		None
Party Democratic Republican NDPA
Leader since January 10, 1967 April 1, 1969 (sp.) —
Leader's seat 9th–Marion Co. 37th–Mobile Co. p. 7 —
Last election 106 seats, 66.16% 0 seats, 33.60% New
Seats before 105 1 0
Seats won 103 2 1
Seat change 3 2 1
Popular vote 2,895,406 787,599 493,081
Percentage 68.57% 18.65% 11.68%

     Democratic hold
     Republican hold      Republican gain
     National Democratic gain
Multi-member districts:
     Democratic majority      Even split

Democratic:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%      Unopposed
Republican:      50–60%
National Democratic:      50–60%

Speaker before election

Rankin Fite
Democratic

Elected Speaker

G. Sage Lyons
Democratic

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Government

The 1970 Alabama House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 3, 1970, to elect 106 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on May 5 with runoff elections on June 2. The first two Black state legislators since the Reconstruction era were elected this year, both from District 31 in Barbour, Bullock, and Macon counties: Thomas Reed in place 1 on the National Democratic Party of Alabama ticket, and Fred Gray in place 2 as a Democrat.[1] Reed would later run under the Democratic banner in the 1974 general election.[2]

Incumbent speaker Rankin Fite lost the confidence of incoming Governor George Wallace, and was replaced as speaker by a unanimous vote at the beginning of the 1971 session. State representative G. Sage Lyons of Mobile County's sixth place was hand-picked by Wallace to succeed Fite and was elected to the post without opposition.[3] Only two Republicans were elected at the general election: Bert Nettles of Mobile County was re-elected, and Doug Hale was elected to Madison County's fifth slot. The two agreed to make the more senior representative, Nettles, the minority leader, with Hale becoming minority whip.[4]

This was the last state house election in Alabama before a 1973 federal court order mandated a new legislative map with single-member districts. At this point, the state had used a mixed system of single-member and multi-member districts to allocate seats in the legislature, all based on pre-existing county lines.[5]

The election took place concurrently with elections for U.S. House, governor, state senate, and numerous other state and local offices.

Summary

Party Candidates Seats
Num. Vote % Last Won +/–
Democratic 106 2,895,406 68.57% 106 103 3
Republican 38 787,599 18.65% 0 2 2
NDPA 43 493,081 11.68% 0 1 1
Independent Party 5 41,732 0.99% 0 0
Conservative 3 4,133 0.10% 0 0
Independents 1 482 0.01% 0 0
Write-in — 26 0.001% — 0
Total 196 4,222,459 100% 106 106

General election results

District Democratic Republican National Democratic Others Total
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Votes Maj. Mrg.
3rd p. 1 Hartell B. Lutz 30,604 92.08% — — — Richard Perkins 2,634 7.92% — — — 33,238 +27,970 +84.16%
3rd p. 3 Bill G. King 29,329 91.30% — — — Judge Harris 2,795 8.70% — — — 32,124 +26,534 +82.60%
3rd p. 4 Glenn H. Hearn 27,266 83.13% — — — Myrna Copeland 2,934 8.95% John Zynowski (Con.) 2,600 7.93% 32,800 +24,332 +74.18%
3rd p. 5 Billy Laxson 16,093 42.22% Douglas V. Hale 19,678 51.63% James Hicks 1,721 4.52% Russell Perry (Con.) 623 1.63% 38,115 −3,585 −9.41%
5th p. 2 Glen A. Reynolds 12,799 75.69% Frank B. Merkle 4,110 24.31% — — — — — — 16,909 +8,689 +51.39%
6th p. 1 David B. Cauthen 12,078 95.34% — — — Floyd Lee Jones 590 4.66% — — — 12,668 +11,488 +90.67%
6th p. 2 Ralph E. Slate 11,806 91.36% — — — Garry Nungester 1,117 8.64% — — — 12,923 +10,689 +82.71%
7th p. 3 Tom Drake 18,596 75.21% Carl J. Woodard 6,131 24.79% — — — — — — 24,727 +12,465 +50.41%
10th Ralph Reid 4,949 64.78% Bruce Phillips 2,639 34.54% Millard Graves 52 0.68% — — — 7,640 +2,310 +30.24%
12th Deacon Grey 8,568 94.67% — — — — — — H. A. Greer (Ind.) 482 5.33% 9,050 +8,086 +89.35%
13th p. 1 Alvis Naramore 13,208 89.36% Larry Akins 1,573 10.64% — — — — — — 14,781 +11,635 +78.72%
14th p. 1 J. Paul Meeks Jr. 80,317 59.20% James B. Knight Jr. 32,261 23.78% Lincoln Hendrick 23,100 17.03% — — — 135,678 +48,056 +35.42%
14th p. 2 J. T. Waggoner 83,096 72.14% Dooley Compton 32,094 27.86% — — — — — — 115,190 +51,002 +44.28%
14th p. 3 Robert L. Ellis 75,592 55.84% Malcolm Bethea 36,371 26.87% Calvin Smith 23,399 17.29% — — — 135,362 +39,221 +28.97%
14th p. 4 Ben L. Erdreich 72,617 54.08% C. Nelson Burkett 28,569 21.28% James Foy Jr. 22,386 16.67% Herbert Kilgore (AIP) 10,709 7.98% 134,281 +44,048 +32.80%
14th p. 5 Dick Dill 68,913 51.25% Bentley Owens 42,210 31.39% James Armstrong 23,339 17.36% — — — 134,462 +26,703 +19.86%
14th p. 6 Robert D. Timmons 74,272 55.32% Meade Whitaker 36,001 26.82% Demetrius Newton 23,979 17.86% — — — 134,252 +38,271 +28.51%
14th p. 7 Bob Adwell 76,791 57.22% James L. Cox 33,179 24.72% Thomas Wrenn 24,238 18.06% — — — 134,208 +43,612 +32.48%
14th p. 8 Raymond Weeks 77,975 58.33% Nick Sfakianos 32,504 24.31% James A. Easley 23,207 17.36% — — — 133,686 +45,471 +34.01%
14th p. 9 Chriss H. Doss 75,771 57.09% James A. Price 33,812 25.48% Samuel Jackson 23,133 17.43% — — — 132,716 +41,959 +31.62%
14th p. 10 Robert C. Gafford 78,804 59.21% Howard A. Ture 30,851 23.18% Davis Jordan 23,438 17.61% — — — 133,093 +47,953 +36.03%
14th p. 11 Wade Wallace 77,418 58.37% O. W. Irwin Jr. 32,981 24.87% C. H. Johnson 22,230 16.76% — — — 132,629 +44,437 +33.50%
14th p. 12 Drake Boutwell 74,163 55.08% Jim Holliman 29,096 21.61% Merulrine Watkins 22,891 17.00% Don Adams (AIP) 8,484 6.30% 134,634 +45,067 +33.47%
14th p. 13 Francis Falkenburg 69,821 52.48% Raymond C. Barry 28,644 21.53% Jonathon McPherson 23,792 17.88% Tommy Watkins (AIP) 10,784 8.11% 133,041 +41,177 +30.95%
14th p. 14 Horace W. Parker 64,406 47.88% Lynn Strickland Jr. 38,971 28.97% Ralph M. Galt 23,220 17.26% Verbon E. Crane (AIP) 7,932 5.90% 134,529 +25,435 +18.91%
14th p. 15 Quinton R. Bowers 82,213 73.89% Robert A. Thomason III 29,048 26.11% — — — — — — 111,261 +53,165 +47.78%
14th p. 16 Richard L. McBride 81,997 61.61% Davis Hunt Thompson 28,042 21.07% Jolene Lasater 23,043 17.31% — — — 133,082 +53,955 +40.54%
14th p. 17 J. Earl Jones 77,887 58.77% Richard W. Ellis 31,437 23.72% Hasty Kim Yow 23,215 17.52% — — — 132,539 +46,450 +35.05%
14th p. 18 Bennett L. Cherner 93,553 79.87% — — — Dave Conley 23,573 20.13% — — — 117,126 +69,980 +59.75%
14th p. 20 Hugh Boles 78,396 59.30% Doug Shockley 30,646 23.18% Leavy Oliver 23,170 17.52% — — — 132,212 +47,750 +36.12%
15th Doc Coshatt 4,824 65.69% Barnett Lawley 2,199 29.94% O. W. Green 321 4.37% — — — 7,344 +2,625 +35.74%
16th p. 1 Ray Burgess 14,564 76.54% Elvin McCary 4,464 23.46% — — — — — — 19,028 +10,100 +53.08%
16th p. 2 Hugh D. Merill 14,793 78.77% Pay Wayne Shaddix 3,986 21.23% — — — — — — 18,779 +10,807 +57.54%
17th William H. Lang 6,377 64.25% — — — Woodson D. Lewis 3,549 35.75% — — — 9,926 +2,828 +28.50%
18th p. 2 Edward D. Robertson 18,325 85.17% — — — Gene Newson 3,190 14.83% — — — 21,515 +15,135 +70.34%
18th p. 3 Tim Parker 18,753 86.72% — — — Joe N. Ross 2,873 13.28% — — — 21,626 +15,880 +73.44%
18th p. 4 Bert Bank 18,691 86.01% — — — Ruth Cummings 3,041 13.99% — — — 21,732 +15,650 +72.02%
19th Tom Stubbs 6,286 77.25% Lewis B. Walker 1,851 22.75% — — — — — — 8,137 +4,435 +54.50%
20th p. 2 Philip H. Smith 11,274 79.23% Roy McCaig 2,953 20.75% — — — Write-in 2 0.01% 14,229 +8,321 +58.48%
27th p. 1 Ira D. Pruitt 12,108 57.96% — — — Robert Scott 8,784 42.04% — — — 20,892 +3,324 +15.92%
27th p. 2 Rick Manley 12,142 57.58% — — — F. N. Nixon 8,942 42.41% Write-in 3 0.01% 21,087 +3,200 +15.17%
28th p. 1 Cot Cottingham 6,807 61.15% Jean Sullivan 3,546 31.85% Anna Taylor 779 7.00% — — — 11,132 +3,261 +29.30%
28th p. 2 W. Milam Turner Jr. 9,466 68.88% — — — Joe R. Johnson 4,277 31.12% — — — 13,743 +5,189 +37.76%
29th William D. Edwards 4,999 48.75% Joan Pate 2,505 24.43% Robert Strickland 2,751 26.83% — — — 10,255 +2,248 +21.92%
31st p. 1 James L. Paulk 8,624 47.75% — — — Thomas Reed 9,436 52.25% — — — 18,060 +812 +4.50%
31st p. 2 Fred Gray 9,938 53.18% Russell L. Irby 8,748 46.82% — — — — — — 18,686 +1,190 +6.36%
32nd p. 1 Bowen Brassell 11,149 87.21% — — — Carlton Mabry 1,635 12.79% — — — 12,784 +9,514 +74.42%
32nd p. 3 Charles H. Adams 10,907 86.54% — — — Lillie M. Cannon 1,696 13.46% — — — 12,603 +9,211 +73.08%
33rd p. 2 Joe McCorquodale 13,488 92.14% — — — Curtis Goode 1,151 7.86% — — — 14,639 +12,337 +84.28%
34th p. 1 Maston Mims 10,199 76.99% — — — H. B. Williams 3,049 23.01% — — — 13,248 +7,150 +53.98%
35th p. 1 Sam W. Taylor 21,692 54.58% Wayne Collett 10,209 25.69% Charles Spears 7,840 19.73% — — — 39,741 +11,483 +28.89%
35th p. 2 James D. Harris Jr. 20,423 50.85% Buddy Brendle 11,338 28.23% Larry Williams 7,492 18.65% Charles Muncaster (Con.) 910 2.27% 40,163 +9,085 +22.62%
35th p. 3 Walker Hobbie Jr. 20,563 51.15% Mark Anderson 12,112 30.13% Simuel Sippial 7,529 18.73% — — — 40,204 +8,451 +21.02%
35th p. 4 Fred R. Jones 20,913 51.25% Fred Hooper 12,341 30.24% E. D. Nixon 7,550 18.50% — — — 40,804 +8,572 +21.01%
37th p. 7 Dan Alexander 28,615 45.43% Bert Nettles 34,378 54.57% — — — — — — 62,993 −5,763 −9.14%
37th p. 8 Maurice A. Downing 30,908 51.91% Reggie Copeland 28,634 48.09% — — — — — — 59,542 +2,274 +3.82%
37th p. 9 Monty Collins 32,198 53.95% Victor Gaston 27,487 46.05% — — — — — — 59,685 +4,711 +7.90%
39th Philip T. May 5,416 58.62% — — — — — — W. Malcolm Edwards (AIP) 3,823 41.38% 9,239 +1,593 +17.24%

Democratic primary results

Eight Black Americans sought nominations from the Democratic Party in the 1970 state house elections.[6] Only one, Fred Gray, won their Democratic primary.[7]

  • District 14 (Jefferson)
    • Place 7: J. Mason Davis lost the first round of the Democratic primary to incumbent representative Bob Adwell.[8]
    • Place 17: Wilson Fallin Jr. was defeated by J. Earl Jones in the Democratic runoff.[9]
    • Place 20: Photographer Chris McNair was defeated by Hugh Boles in the Democratic runoff.[9]
  • District 28 (Dallas)
    • Place 1: Businessman Edwin Moss was defeated by incumbent representative Paul Cottingham in the Democratic runoff.[9]
    • Place 2: Radio personality Marius J. Anderson was defeated by incumbent representative Milam Turner in the Democratic runoff.[9]
  • District 31 (Barbour–Bullock–Macon)
    • Place 1: Civil rights leader Thomas Reed lost the first round of the Democratic primary to incumbent representative James L. Paulk, and subsequently won the general election as a candidate of the NDPA.[10]
    • Place 2: Attorney Fred Gray, candidate for the legislature in 1966, defeated incumbent representative Bill Nevile in the first round of the Democratic primary and won the subsequent general election.[10]

Runoff results by district

Candidates in boldface advanced to the general election. An asterisk (*) denotes a runoff winner who was the runner-up in the first round.

District Winner Loser Total
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Votes Maj. Mrg.
1st p. 1 Ronnie Flippo 10,070 54.13% Donald Wallace Jr. 8,533 45.87% 18,603 +1,537 +8.26%
2nd p. 2 Wayland Cross 5,670 58.14% Paul Johnson 4,083 41.86% 9,753 +1,587 +16.27%
3rd p. 1 Hartwell Lutz 28,453 63.45% Tom Jones 16,387 36.55% 44,840 +12,066 +26.91%
3rd p. 3 Bill G. King 24,935 59.03% David Culver 17,307 40.97% 42,242 +7,628 +18.06%
5th p. 2 Glen Reynolds 11,808 55.31% W. A. Berryman (inc.) 9,539 44.69% 21,347 +2,269 +10.63%
7th p. 1 Finis St. John 17,500 55.24% Hinton Mitchem 14,181 44.76% 31,681 +3,319 +10.48%
10th Ralph Reid 5,507 63.90% Bill Lemley 3,111 36.10% 8,618 +2,396 +27.80%
11th p. 1 W. Waldrop 16,661 58.97% Robert Echols 11,591 41.03% 28,252 +5,070 +17.95%
11th p. 3 R. D. Wynot 18,704 65.85% W. E. Owens Jr. (inc.) 9,700 34.15% 28,404 +9,004 +31.70%
12th D. C. Grey 6,920 52.38% Max Newman 6,290 47.62% 13,210 +630 +4.77%
13th p. 1 Alvis Naramore 11,704 54.29% Alonzo Shumate (inc.) 9,855 45.71% 21,559 +1,849 +8.58%
13th p. 2 Robert T. Crowe 13,520 63.29% Oscar Dobbs (inc.) 7,842 36.71% 21,362 +5,678 +26.58%
14th p. 3 Bob Eillis (inc.) 79,015 50.73% Ed Randle 76,750 49.27% 155,765 +2,265 +1.45%
14th p. 6 Robert Timmons 82,384 55.24% Harold Ackerman 66,742 44.76% 149,126 +15,642 +10.49%
14th p. 9 Chris Doss 97,176 60.70% Tommy Watkins (inc.) 62,910 39.30% 160,086 +34,266 +21.40%
14th p. 11 Wade Wallace 86,566 53.88% Travis Tidwell 74,097 46.12% 160,663 +12,469 +7.76%
14th p. 12 Drake Boutwell 98,373 62.76% J. W. Patmon 58,366 37.24% 156,739 +40,007 +25.52%
14th p. 14 Horace Parker 79,210 52.07% Bedford Seale 72,898 47.93% 152,108 +6,312 +4.15%
14th p. 16 Richard McBride 114,396 75.65% George Spencer 36,830 24.35% 151,226 +77,566 +51.29%
14th p. 17 J. Earl Jones 100,578 63.91% Wilson Fallin Jr. 56,785 36.09% 157,363 +43,793 +27.83%
14th p. 20 Hugh Boles 94,755 54.23% Chris McNair 79,967 45.77% 174,722 +14,788 +8.46%
16th p. 1 Ray Burgess (inc.) 13,976 51.69% Kenneth Griffith 13,064 48.31% 27,040 +912 +3.37%
17th William Lang 5,312 52.19% B. G. Robison Jr. 4,867 47.81% 10,179 +445 +4.37%
18th p. 1[11] John Culver (inc.) 14,723 53.27% Temo Callahan 12,917 46.73% 27,640 +1,806 +6.53%
18th p. 3[11] Tim Parker 16,742 58.96% Ralph Brown (inc.) 11,653 41.04% 28,395 +5,089 +17.92%
20th p. 1[11] Murray McCluskey 9,741 51.14% Frank Clayton 9,306 48.86% 19,047 +435 +2.28%
25th Kirby Smith 9,026 73.90% J. C. Henderson 3,187 26.10% 12,213 +5,839 +47.81%
26th Charles Snell (inc.) 5,551 50.60% Shafford Leasley 5,420 49.40% 10,971 +131 +1.19%
27th Ira Pruitt (inc.) 8,197 53.96% Joe Reed 6,993 46.04% 15,190 +1,204 +7.93%
28th p. 1 Paul Cottingham 9,622 55.69% Edwin Moss 7,656 44.31% 17,278 +1,966 +11.38%
28th p. 2 Milam Turner 10,050 58.65% Marius Anderson 7,086 41.35% 17,136 +2,964 +17.30%
30th H. H. O'Daniel 5,896 52.26% Earnest Collier (inc.) 5,385 47.74% 11,281 +511 +4.53%
31st p. 2 Fred Gray 10,842 51.28% Bill Neville (inc.) 10,300 48.72% 21,142 +542 +2.56%
34th p. 2 J. E. Warren 6,821 79.61% W. P. Albritton 1,747 20.39% 8,568 +5,074 +59.22%
35th p. 1 Sam Taylor 23,541 56.30% Harold Harris (inc.) 18,276 43.70% 41,817 +5,265 +12.59%
35th p. 2 James Harris 21,526 51.62% Jere Harbin 20,172 48.38% 41,698 +1,354 +3.25%
35th p. 4 Fred Jones 25,953 61.29% Howard McElhaney (inc.) 16,390 38.71% 42,343 +9,563 +22.58%
35th p. 5 Jim Straiton 28,115 65.06% Curtis Springer (inc.) 15,100 34.94% 43,215 +13,015 +30.12%
36th p. 2 Gene Hardin (inc.) 7,744 56.42% Henry Wyatt 5,981 43.58% 13,725 +1,763 +12.85%
38th p. 1 Daniel Kinsey 11,116 69.13% Wilson Hayes 4,965 30.87% 16,081 +6,151 +38.25%
38th p. 2 Thomas Benton 8,721 53.53% Ernest Bailey 7,572 46.47% 16,293 +1,149 +7.05%
39th[12] Philip E. May 5,546 50.07% Malcolm Edwards 5,531 49.93% 11,077 +15 +0.14%
40th p. 2 Harold Wise 10,459 53.81% J. A. Hughes 8,978 46.19% 19,437 +1,481 +7.62%
41st G. C. Donaldson Jr. 4,661 50.10% Douglas Easter 4,642 49.90% 9,303 +19 +0.20%
Source: The Huntsville Times[13]

1967–1970 special elections

Contest County(ies) Date Incumbent Winner Result Cause
18th p. 2 Tuscaloosa Nov. 7, 1967 Hugh Thomas (D) Edward Robertson (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative died in an traffic collision on April 25, 1967.[14]
3rd p. 2 Madison Nov. 5, 1968 John D. Snodgrass (D) Charles Grainger (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative appointed to a circuit judgeship in Madison County on August 7, 1968.[15]
37th p. 6 Mobile Apr. 1, 1969 Coy Smith (D) G. Sage Lyons (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative resigned in January 1969 after being elected to the Mobile County Commission.[16]
37th p. 7 Mobile Apr. 1, 1969 Elwood Hogan (D) Bert Nettles (R) Rep GAIN. Incumbent representative appointed special judge on the Mobile County Court of General Sessions on October 3, 1967.[17] First Republican elected to the legislature from Mobile County since the Reconstruction era.
2nd p. 2 Lawrence–Limestone Dec. 9, 1969[a] Robert Berryman (D) Kylie T. Berryman (D) Dem hold. Incumbent representative died of a heart attack on July 9, 1969.[18] Second woman to ever serve in the state legislature. See widow's succession.

District 18 place 2 (Tuscaloosa County)

November 7, 1967 district 18 place 2 special election[19]
Death of Hugh Thomas
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Edward Robertson 3,831 56.32% −43.68%
Republican H. H. Sullivan 2,971 43.68% New
Total votes 6,802 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 3 place 2 (Madison County)

November 5, 1968 district 3 place 2 special election[20]
Resignation of John D. Snodgrass
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Milton K. Cummings 27,882 57.18% −4.74%
Republican Jack Hay 15,905 32.62% −5.46%
NDPA Myrna Copeland 3,943 8.09% New
American Independent Bud Abbott 1,031 2.11% New
Total votes 48,761 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 37 place 6 (Mobile County)

April 1, 1969 district 37 place 6 special election[21]
Resignation of Coy Smith
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic G. Sage Lyons 24,631 74.90% +9.38%
Independent Clarence H. Montgomery 8,255 25.10% New
Total votes 34,271 100.00%
Democratic hold

District 37 place 7 (Mobile County)

April 1, 1969 district 37 place 7 special election[21]
Resignation of Elwood Hogan
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Bert Nettles 18,917 55.20% +28.41%
Independent Charles H. Bell III 7,344 21.43% New
Democratic Harry P. Clark 5,301 15.47% −57.74%
Independent W. B. Westbrook 2,709 7.90% New
Total votes 34,271 100.00%
Republican gain from Democratic

District 2 place 2 (Lawrence–Limestone)

December 9, 1969 district 2 place 2 special election
Death of Robert Berryman
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Kylie T. Berryman Unopposed
Democratic hold

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Acclaimed on October 10; special election not held.

References

  1. ^ Thomas, Rex (1 January 1971). "Alabama Sees Political Upheaval During 1970". The Huntsville Times. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  2. ^ Fox, Al (6 November 1964). "2 House GOPers lose, black membership 13". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  3. ^ "Wallace force has grip on Legislature". The Birmingham News. 13 January 1971. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  4. ^ "GOP now ready". The Birmingham News. 20 December 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  5. ^ Sellers, Bill (6 February 1974). "Reapportionment Causes Headaches For Many In State". The Mobile Register. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
  6. ^ Fox, Al (3 May 1970). "Negroes believe 1970 year they'll win legislative seats". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  7. ^ McGregor, Jim (4 June 1970). "Negro wins legislature race". Birmingham Post-Herald. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  8. ^ "For Legislature-- Eight Negroes Make Runoffs". The Huntsville Times. Associated Press. 14 May 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Tuskeegee Negro Attorney winner in legislative race". Birmingham Post-Herald. 4 June 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  10. ^ a b "Williams Wins Sheriff's Race; Gray, Reed Winning For House". Union Springs Herald. 5 November 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  11. ^ a b c Fox, Al (3 June 1970). "Sixty-three freshmen will sit in Legislature". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  12. ^ "State Contest Loser Wants Vote Recount". The Mobile Register. Associated Press. 15 August 1970. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  13. ^ "10 House Members Fall In State Vote". The Huntsville Times. Associated Press. 3 June 1970. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  14. ^ "Tuscaloosa's Rep. Thomas Dies In Highway Collision". The Montgomery Advertiser. 26 April 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  15. ^ "Solon Named Circuit Judge For Madison". Alabama Journal. 9 August 1968. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  16. ^ "Three Men Seek Mobile Vacancy". The Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. 17 January 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  17. ^ "Alonzo's Seat Is Being Filled By Rep. Hogan". Alabama Journal. 3 October 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  18. ^ "Berryman's Rites Slated In Moulton". The Huntsville Times. 10 July 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  19. ^ "Robertson Wins In Tuscaloosa". The Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. 8 November 1967. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  20. ^ "Grainger Takes Oath". The Montgomery Advertiser. 26 November 1968. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
  21. ^ a b "GOP Fills State Seat". The Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. 2 April 1969. Retrieved 24 September 2025.
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