1868 in Canada

Events from the year 1868 in Canada.

• Monarch – Victoria^[1]

• Governor General – Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck
• Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
• Parliament – 1st

• Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Francis Pym Harding (until July 23) then Lemuel Allan Wilmot
• Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Charles Hastings Doyle
• Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Henry William Stisted (until July 15) then William Pearce Howland
• Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau

• Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew Rainsford Wetmore
• Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand
• Premier of Ontario – John Sandfield Macdonald
• Premier of Quebec – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau

• Secretary of State for the Colonies – The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos then The Earl Granville

• Colonial Governor of Newfoundland – Anthony Musgrave
• Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George Dundas (until October 22) then Robert Hodgson
• Governor of the Colony of British Columbia – Frederick Seymour

• Colonial Prime Minister of Newfoundland – Frederick Carter
• Premier of Colony of Prince Edward Island – George Coles

• March 4 — Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario established
• April 7 — Father of Confederation Thomas D'Arcy McGee is assassinated in Ottawa by Irish Fenians.
• May 26 - The Canadian flag is unofficially introduced.

Louis Riel returns to the Red River area

• The Hudson's Bay Company agrees to turn Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory over to Canada
• The first Federal Militia Act is passed, creating a Canadian army
• George-Étienne Cartier created a Baronet

• January 16 — Octavia Ritchie, first woman to receive a medical degree in Quebec[1]
• January 22 — Adjutor Rivard, lawyer, writer, judge and linguist (died 1945)
• February 16 — John Babington Macaulay Baxter, lawyer, jurist and 18th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1946)
• March 14 — Emily Murphy, women's rights activist, jurist and author, first woman magistrate in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1933)
• April 27 — James Kidd Flemming, businessman, politician and 13th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1927)
• May 31 — Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, politician and 11th Governor General of Canada (died 1938)

• July 8 — Henry Cockshutt, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1944)
• July 9 — William Alves Boys, politician and barrister (died 1938)
• August 25 — Arthur Puttee, politician (died 1957)
• August 26 — Charles Stewart, politician and 3rd Premier of Alberta (died 1946)
• September 1 — Henri Bourassa, politician and publisher (died 1952)
• September 22 — Louise McKinney, first woman sworn into the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and first woman elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1931)
• September 28 — Herbert Alexander Bruce, surgeon and 15th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1963)
• November 9 — Marie Dressler, actress (died 1934)
• December 11 — William Parks, geologist and paleontologist (died 1936)

• January 19 — Frederic, Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and bishop (born 1797)
• January 25 — Alexander Roberts Dunn, first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross (born 18)
• January 28 — Edmund Walker Head, Governor (born 1805)
• February 19 — Dominick Daly, politician (born 1798)
• April 7 — D'Arcy McGee, journalist, politician and Father of Confederation, assassinated (born 1825)
• August 7 — William Agar Adamson, Church of England clergyman and author (born 1800)
• September 12 — Charles Dickson Archibald, lawyer, businessman and politician (born 1802)
• October 17 — Laura Secord, heroine of the War of 1812 (born 1775)